临lín武wǔ君jūn与yǔ孙sūn卿qīng子zǐ议yì兵bīng于yú赵zhào孝xiào成chéng王wáng前qián,王wáng曰yuē:“请qǐng问wèn兵bīng要yào。”临lín武wǔ君jūn对duì曰yuē:“上shàng得dé天tiān时shí,下xià得dé地dì利lì,观guān敌dí之zhī变biàn动dòng,后hòu之zhī发fā,先xiān之zhī至zhì,此cǐ用yòng兵bīng之zhī要yāo求qiú也yě。”
孙sūn卿qīng子zǐ曰yuē:“不bù然rán。臣chén所suǒ闻wén古gǔ之zhī道dào,凡fán用yòng兵bīng攻gōng战zhàn之zhī本běn在zài乎hū壹yī民mín。弓gōng矢shǐ不bù调tiáo,则zé羿yì不bù能néng以yǐ中zhōng微wēi;六liù马mǎ不bù和hé,则zé造zào父fù不bù能néng以yǐ致zhì远yuǎn;士shì民mín不bù亲qīn附fù,则zé汤tāng、武wǔ不bù能néng以yǐ必bì胜shèng也yě。故gù善shàn附fù民mín者zhě,是shì乃nǎi善shàn用yòng兵bīng者zhě也yě。故gù兵bīng要yào在zài乎hū善shàn附fù民mín而ér已yǐ。”
临lín武wǔ君jūn曰yuē:“不bù然rán。兵bīng之zhī所suǒ贵guì者zhě势shì利lì也yě,所suǒ行xíng者zhě变biàn诈zhà也yě。善shàn用yòng兵bīng者zhě,感gǎn忽hū悠yōu暗àn,莫mò知zhī其qí所suǒ从cóng出chū,孙sūn、吴wú用yòng之zhī,无wú敌dí于yú天tiān下xià,岂qǐ必bì待dài附fù民mín哉zāi!”
孙sūn卿qīng子zǐ曰yuē:“不bù然rán。臣chén之zhī所suǒ道dào,仁rén人rén之zhī兵bīng,王wáng者zhě之zhī志zhì也yě。君jūn之zhī所suǒ贵guì,权quán谋móu势shì利lì也yě;所suǒ行xíng,攻gōng夺duó变biàn诈zhà也yě,诸zhū侯hóu之zhī事shì也yě。仁rén人rén之zhī兵bīng,不bù可kě诈zhà也yě。彼bǐ可kě诈zhà者zhě,怠dài慢màn者zhě也yě,路lù亶dǎn者zhě也yě,君jūn臣chén上shàng下xià之zhī间jiān滑huá然rán有yǒu离lí德dé者zhě也yě。故gù以yǐ桀jié诈zhà桀jié,犹yóu巧qiǎo拙zhuō有yǒu幸xìng焉yān。以yǐ桀jié诈zhà尧yáo,譬pì之zhī若ruò以yǐ卵luǎn投tóu石shí,以yǐ指zhǐ挠náo沸fèi;若ruò赴fù水shuǐ火huǒ,入rù焉yān焦jiāo没méi耳ěr。故gù仁rén人rén上shàng下xià,百bǎi将jiāng一yì心xīn,三sān军jūn同tóng力lì;臣chén之zhī于yú君jūn也yě,下xià之zhī于yú上shàng也yě,若ruò子zǐ之zhī事shì父fù,弟dì之zhī事shì兄xiōng,若ruò手shǒu臂bì之zhī扞hàn头tóu目mù而ér覆fù胸xiōng腹fù也yě,诈zhà而ér袭xí之zhī,与yǔ先xiān惊jīng而ér后hòu击jī之zhī,一yī也yě。且qiě仁rén人rén之zhī用yòng十shí里lǐ之zhī国guó,则zé将jiāng有yǒu百bǎi里lǐ之zhī听tīng;用yòng百bǎi里lǐ之zhī国guó,则zé将jiāng有yǒu千qiān里lǐ之zhī听tīng。用yòng千qiān里lǐ之zhī国guó,则zé将jiāng有yǒu四sì海hǎi之zhī听tīng,必bì将jiāng聪cōng明ming警jǐng戒jiè,和hé传chuán而ér一yī。故gù仁rén人rén之zhī兵bīng,聚jù则zé成chéng卒zú,散sàn则zé成chéng列liè;延yán则zé若ruò莫mò邪xié之zhī长cháng刃rèn,婴yīng之zhī者zhě断duàn;兑duì则zé若ruò莫mò邪xié之zhī利lì锋fēng,当dāng之zhī者zhě溃kuì;圜huán居jū而ér方fāng止zhǐ,则zé若ruò磐pán石shí然rán,触chù之zhī者zhě角jiǎo摧cuī,案àn角jiǎo鹿lù埵duǒ、陇lǒng种zhǒng、东dōng笼lóng而ér退tuì耳ěr。且qiě夫fū暴bào国guó之zhī君jūn,将jiāng谁shuí与yǔ至zhì哉zāi?彼bǐ其qí所suǒ与yǔ至zhì者zhě,必bì其qí民mín也yě,而ér其qí民mín之zhī亲qīn我wǒ,欢huān若ruò父fù母mǔ,其qí好hǎo我wǒ,芬fēn若ruò椒jiāo兰lán;彼bǐ反fǎn顾gù其qí上shàng,则zé若ruò灼zhuó黥qíng,若ruò仇chóu雠chóu。人rén之zhī情qíng,虽suī桀jié、跖zhí,岂qǐ又yòu肯kěn为wèi其qí所suǒ恶è贼zéi其qí所suǒ好hǎo者zhě哉zāi?是shì犹yóu使shǐ人rén之zhī子zǐ孙sūn自zì贼zéi其qí父fù母mǔ也yě,彼bǐ必bì将jiāng来lái告gào之zhī,夫fū又yòu何hé可kě诈zhà也yě?故gù仁rén人rén用yòng,国guó日rì明míng,诸zhū侯hóu先xiān顺shùn者zhě安ān,后hòu顺shùn者zhě危wēi,虑lǜ敌dí之zhī者zhě削xiāo,反fǎn之zhī者zhě亡wáng。《诗shī》曰yuē:‘武wǔ王wáng载zǎi发fā,有yǒu虔qián秉bǐng钺yuè;如rú火huǒ烈liè烈liè,则zé莫mò我wǒ敢gǎn遏è。’此cǐ之zhī谓wèi也yě。”
孝xiào成chéng王wáng、临lín武wǔ君jūn曰yuē:“善shàn!请qǐng问wèn王wáng者zhě之zhī兵bīng设shè何hé道dào、何hé行xíng而ér可kě?”
孙sūn卿qīng子zǐ曰yuē:“凡fán在zài大dà王wáng,将jiāng率lǜ未wèi事shì也yě。臣chén请qǐng遂suì道dào王wáng者zhě诸zhū侯hóu强qiáng弱ruò存cún亡wáng之zhī效xiào、安ān危wēi之zhī势shì。君jūn贤xián者zhě其qí国guó治zhì,君jūn不bù能néng者zhě其qí国guó乱luàn;隆lóng礼lǐ、贵guì义yì者zhě其qí国guó治zhì,简jiǎn礼lǐ、贱jiàn义yì者zhě其qí国guó乱luàn。治zhì者zhě强qiáng,乱luàn者zhě弱ruò,是shì强qiáng弱ruò之zhī本běn也yě。上shàng足zú卬áng则zé下xià可kě用yòng也yě,上shàng不bù卬áng则zé下xià不bù可kě用yòng也yě。下xià可kě用yòng则zé强qiáng,下xià不bù可kě用yòng则zé弱ruò,是shì强qiáng弱ruò之zhī常cháng也yě。隆lóng礼lǐ效xiào功gōng,上shàng也yě;重zhòng禄lù贵guì节jié,次cì也yě;上shàng功gōng贱jiàn节jié,下xià也yě:是shì强qiáng弱ruò之zhī凡fán也yě。好hǎo士shì者zhě强qiáng,不bù好hǎo士shì者zhě弱ruò;爱ài民mín者zhě强qiáng,不bú爱ài民mín者zhě弱ruò;政zhèng令lìng信xìn者zhě强qiáng,政zhèng令lìng不bú信xìn者zhě弱ruò;民mín齐qí者zhě强qiáng,民mín不bù齐qí者zhě弱ruò;赏shǎng重zhòng者zhě强qiáng,赏shǎng轻qīng者zhě弱ruò;刑xíng威wēi者zhě强qiáng,刑xíng侮wǔ者zhě弱ruò;械xiè用yòng兵bīng革gé攻gōng完wán便biàn利lì者zhě强qiáng,械xiè用yòng兵bīng革gé窳yǔ楛kǔ不bú便biàn利lì者zhě弱ruò;重zhòng用yòng兵bīng者zhě强qiáng,轻qīng用yòng兵bīng者zhě弱ruò;权quán出chū一yì者zhě强qiáng,权quán出chū二èr者zhě弱ruò;是shì强qiáng弱ruò之zhī常cháng也yě。齐qí人rén隆lóng技jì击jī,其qí技jì也yě,得dé一yì首shǒu者zhě,则zé赐cì赎shú锱zī金jīn,无wú本běn赏shǎng矣yǐ。是shì事shì小xiǎo敌dí毳cuì则zé偷tōu可kě用yòng也yě,事shì大dà敌dí坚jiān则zé焉yān涣huàn离lí耳ěr,若ruò飞fēi鸟niǎo然rán,倾qīng侧cè反fǎn覆fù无wú日rì,是shì亡wáng国guó之zhī兵bīng也yě。兵bīng莫mò弱ruò是shì矣yǐ,是shì其qí去qù赁lìn市shì佣yōng而ér战zhàn之zhī几jǐ矣yǐ。魏wèi氏shì之zhī武wǔ卒zú,以yǐ度dù取qǔ之zhī,衣yī三sān属shǔ之zhī甲jiǎ,操cāo十shí二èr石shí之zhī弩nǔ,负fù服fú矢shǐ五wǔ十shí个gè,置zhì戈gē其qí上shàng,冠guān带dài剑jiàn,赢yíng三sān日rì之zhī粮liáng,日rì中zhōng而ér趋qū百bǎi里lǐ。中zhōng试shì则zé复fù其qí户hù,利lì其qí田tián宅zhái,是shì数shù年nián而ér衰shuāi而ér未wèi可kě夺duó也yě,改gǎi造zào则zé不bú易yì周zhōu也yě,是shì故gù地dì虽suī大dà其qí税shuì必bì寡guǎ,是shì危wēi国guó之zhī兵bīng也yě。秦qín人rén其qí生shēng民mín也yě陿xiá阸è,其qí使shǐ民mín也yě酷kù烈liè,劫jié之zhī以yǐ势shì,隐yǐn之zhī以yǐ阸è,忸niǔ之zhī以yǐ庆qìng赏shǎng,䲡之zhī以yǐ刑xíng罚fá,使shǐ天tiān下xià之zhī民mín所suǒ以yǐ要yào利lì于yú上shàng者zhě,非fēi斗dòu无wú由yóu也yě。阸è而ér用yòng之zhī,得dé而ér后hòu功gōng之zhī,功gōng赏shǎng相xiāng长cháng也yě。五wǔ甲jiǎ首shǒu而ér隶lì五wǔ家jiā,是shì最zuì为wèi众zhòng强qiáng长cháng久jiǔ,多duō地dì以yǐ正zhèng。故gù四sì世shì有yǒu胜shèng,非fēi幸xìng也yě,数shù也yě。故gù齐qí之zhī技jì击jī不bù可kě以yǐ遇yù魏wèi氏shì之zhī武wǔ卒zú,魏wèi氏shì之zhī武wǔ卒zú不bù可kě以yǐ遇yù秦qín之zhī锐ruì士shì,秦qín之zhī锐ruì士shì不bù可kě以yǐ当dāng桓huán、文wén之zhī节jié制zhì,桓huán、文wén之zhī节jié制zhì不bù可kě以yǐ敌dí汤tāng、武wǔ之zhī仁rén义yì,有yǒu遇yù之zhī者zhě,若ruò以yǐ焦jiāo熬áo投tóu石shí焉yān。兼jiān是shì数shù国guó者zhě,皆jiē干gān赏shǎng蹈dǎo利lì之zhī兵bīng也yě,佣yōng徒tú鬻yù卖mài之zhī道dào也yě,未wèi有yǒu贵guì上shàng、安ān制zhì、綦qí节jié之zhī理lǐ也yě,诸zhū侯hóu有yǒu能néng微wēi妙miào之zhī以yǐ节jié,则zé作zuò而ér兼jiān殆dài之zhī耳ěr!故gù招zhāo近jìn募mù选xuǎn,隆lóng势shì诈zhà,尚shàng功gōng利lì,是shì渐jiàn之zhī也yě;礼lǐ义yì教jiào化huà,是shì齐qí之zhī也yě。故gù以yǐ诈zhà遇yù诈zhà,犹yóu有yǒu巧qiǎo拙zhuō焉yān;以yǐ诈zhà遇yù齐qí,辟pì之zhī犹yóu以yǐ锥zhuī刀dāo堕duò太tài山shān也yě,非fēi天tiān下xià之zhī愚yú人rén莫mò敢gǎn试shì。故gù王wáng者zhě之zhī兵bīng不bú试shì,汤tāng、武wǔ之zhī诛zhū桀jié、纣zhòu也yě,拱gǒng挹yì指zhǐ麾huī,而ér强qiáng暴bào之zhī国guó莫mò不bù趋qū使shǐ,诛zhū桀jié、纣zhòu若ruò诛zhū独dú夫fū。故gù《泰tài誓shì》曰yuē:‘独dú夫fū纣zhòu’,此cǐ之zhī谓wèi也yě。故gù兵bīng大dà齐qí则zé制zhì天tiān下xià,小xiǎo齐qí则zé治zhì邻lín敌dí,若ruò夫fū招zhāo近jìn募mù选xuǎn,隆lóng势shì诈zhà,尚shàng功gōng利lì之zhī兵bīng,则zé胜shèng不bu胜shèng无wú常cháng,代dài翕xī代dài张zhāng,代dài存cún代dài亡wáng,相xiāng为wèi雌cí雄xióng耳ěr矣yǐ。夫fū是shì之zhī谓wèi盗dào兵bīng,君jūn子zǐ不bù由yóu也yě。故gù齐qí之zhī田tián单dān,楚chǔ之zhī庄zhuāng?,秦qín之zhī卫wèi鞅yāng,燕yàn之zhī缪miù虮jǐ,是shì皆jiē世shì俗sú之zhī所suǒ谓wèi善shàn用yòng兵bīng者zhě也yě,是shì其qí巧qiǎo拙zhuō强qiáng弱ruò则zé未wèi有yǒu以yǐ相xiāng君jūn也yě,若ruò其qí道dào一yī也yě,未wèi及jí和hé齐qí也yě,掎jǐ契qì司sī诈zhà,权quán谋móu倾qīng覆fù,未wèi免miǎn盗dào兵bīng也yě。齐qí桓huán、晋jìn文wén、楚chǔ庄zhuāng、吴wú阖hé闾lǘ、越yuè勾gōu践jiàn,是shì皆jiē和hé齐qí之zhī兵bīng也yě,可kě谓wèi入rù其qí域yù矣yǐ,然rán而ér未wèi有yǒu本běn统tǒng也yě;故gù可kě以yǐ霸bà而ér不bù可kě以yǐ王wáng,是shì强qiáng弱ruò之zhī效xiào也yě。”
孝xiào成chéng王wáng、临lín武wǔ君jūn曰yuē:“善shàn!请qǐng问wèn为wèi将jiāng。”
孙sūn卿qīng子zǐ曰yuē:“知zhī莫mò大dà乎hū弃qì疑yí,行xíng莫mò大dà乎hū无wú过guò,事shì莫mò大dà乎hū无wú悔huǐ。事shì至zhì无wú悔huǐ而ér止zhǐ矣yǐ,成chéng不bù可kě必bì也yě。故gù制zhì号hào政zhèng令lìng,欲yù严yán以yǐ威wēi;庆qìng赏shǎng刑xíng罚fá,欲yù必bì以yǐ信xìn;处chù舍shè收shōu臧zāng,欲yù周zhōu以yǐ固gù;徙xǐ举jǔ进jìn退tuì,欲yù安ān以yǐ重zhòng,欲yù疾jí以yǐ速sù;窥kuī敌dí观guān变biàn,欲yù潜qián以yǐ深shēn,欲yù伍wǔ以yǐ参cān;遇yù敌dí决jué战zhàn,必bì道dào吾wú所suǒ明míng,无wú道dào吾wú所suǒ疑yí:夫fū是shì之zhī谓wèi六liù术shù。无wú欲yù将jiāng而ér恶è废fèi,无wú急jí胜shèng而ér忘wàng败bài,无wú威wēi内nèi而ér轻qīng外wài,无wú见jiàn其qí利lì而ér不bú顾gù其qí害hài,凡fán虑lǜ事shì欲yù孰shú而ér用yòng财cái欲yù泰tài:夫fū是shì之zhī谓wèi五wǔ权quán。所suǒ以yǐ不bú受shòu命mìng于yú主zhǔ有yǒu三sān:可kě杀shā而ér不bù可kě使shǐ处chù不bù完wán,可kě杀shā而ér不bù可kě使shǐ击jī不bú胜shèng,可kě杀shā而ér不bù可kě使shǐ欺qī百bǎi姓xìng,夫fū是shì之zhī谓wèi三sān至zhì。凡fán受shòu命mìng于yú主zhǔ而ér行xíng三sān军jūn,三sān军jūn既jì定dìng,百bǎi官guān得dé序xù,群qún物wù皆jiē正zhèng,则zé主zhǔ不bù能néng喜xǐ,敌dí不bù能néng怒nù,夫fū是shì之zhī谓wèi至zhì臣chén。虑lǜ必bì先xiān事shì而ér申shēn之zhī以yǐ敬jìng,慎shèn终zhōng如rú始shǐ,终zhōng始shǐ如rú一yī,夫fū是shì之zhī谓wèi大dà吉jí。凡fán百bǎi事shì之zhī成chéng也yě必bì在zài敬jìng之zhī,其qí败bài也yě必bì在zài慢màn之zhī,故gù敬jìng胜shèng怠dài则zé吉jí,怠dài胜shèng敬jìng则zé灭miè,计jì胜shèng欲yù则zé从cóng,欲yù胜shèng计jì则zé凶xiōng。战zhàn如rú守shǒu,行xíng如rú战zhàn,有yǒu功gōng如rú幸xìng,敬jìng谋móu无wú圹kuàng,敬jìng事shì无wú圹kuàng,敬jìng吏lì无wú圹kuàng,敬jìng众zhòng无wú圹kuàng,敬jìng敌dí无wú圹kuàng,夫fū是shì之zhī谓wèi五wǔ无wú圹kuàng。慎shèn行xíng此cǐ六liù术shù、五wǔ权quán、三sān至zhì,而ér处chù之zhī以yǐ恭gōng敬jìng无wú圹kuàng,夫fū是shì之zhī谓wèi天tiān下xià之zhī将jiāng,则zé通tōng于yú神shén明míng矣yǐ。”
临lín武wǔ君jūn曰yuē:“善shàn!请qǐng问wèn王wáng者zhě之zhī军jūn制zhì。”
孙sūn卿qīng子zǐ曰yuē:“将jiāng死sǐ鼓gǔ,御yù死sǐ辔pèi,百bǎi吏lì死sǐ职zhí,士shì大dà夫fū死sǐ行háng列liè,闻wén鼓gǔ声shēng而ér进jìn,闻wén金jīn声shēng而ér退tuì,顺shùn命mìng为wèi上shàng,有yǒu功gōng次cì之zhī;令lìng不bú进jìn而ér进jìn,犹yóu令lìng不bú退tuì而ér退tuì也yě,其qí罪zuì惟wéi均jūn。不bù杀shā老lǎo弱ruò,不bú躐liè禾hé稼jià,服fú者zhě不bù禽qín,格gé者zhě不bú舍shè,犇bēn命mìng者zhě不bú获huò。凡fán诛zhū,非fēi诛zhū其qí百bǎi姓xìng也yě,诛zhū其qí乱luàn百bǎi姓xìng者zhě也yě;百bǎi姓xìng有yǒu扞hàn其qí贼zéi,则zé是shì亦yì贼zéi也yě。以yǐ故gù顺shùn刃rèn者zhě生shēng,苏sū刃rèn者zhě死sǐ,犇bēn命mìng者zhě贡gòng。微wēi子zǐ开kāi封fēng于yú宋sòng;曹cáo触chù龙lóng断duàn于yú军jūn;殷yīn之zhī服fú民mín,所suǒ以yǐ养yǎng生shēng之zhī者zhě也yě,无wú异yì周zhōu人rén。故gù近jìn者zhě歌gē讴ōu而ér乐lè之zhī,远yuǎn者zhě竭jié蹶juě而ér趋qū之zhī,无wú幽yōu闲xián辟pì陋lòu之zhī国guó,莫mò不bù趋qū使shǐ而ér安ān乐lè之zhī,四sì海hǎi之zhī内nèi若ruò一yì家jiā,通tōng达dá之zhī属shǔ莫mò不bù从cóng服fú,夫fū是shì之zhī谓wèi人rén师shī。《诗shī》曰yuē:“自zì西xī自zì东dōng,自zì南nán自zì北běi,无wú思sī不bù服fú。”此cǐ之zhī谓wèi也yě。王wáng者zhě有yǒu诛zhū而ér无wú战zhàn,城chéng守shǒu不bù攻gōng,兵bīng格gé不bù击jī。上shàng下xià相xiāng喜xǐ则zé庆qìng之zhī。不bù屠tú城chéng,不bù潜qián军jūn,不bù留liú众zhòng,师shī不bú越yuè时shí,故gù乱luàn者zhě乐lè其qí政zhèng,不bù安ān其qí上shàng,欲yù其qí至zhì也yě。”
临lín武wǔ君jūn曰yuē:“善shàn!”
陈chén嚣áo问wèn孙sūn卿qīng子zǐ曰yuē:“先xiān生shēng议yì兵bīng,常cháng以yǐ仁rén义yì为wèi本běn。仁rén者zhě爱ài人rén,义yì者zhě循xún理lǐ,然rán则zé又yòu何hé以yǐ兵bīng为wèi?凡fán所suǒ为wèi有yǒu兵bīng者zhě,为wèi争zhēng夺duó也yě。”
孙sūn卿qīng子zǐ曰yuē:“非fēi女nǚ所suǒ知zhī也yě。彼bǐ仁rén者zhě爱ài人rén,爱ài人rén,故gù恶è人rén之zhī害hài之zhī也yě;义yì者zhě循xún理lǐ,循xún理lǐ故gù恶è人rén之zhī乱luàn之zhī也yě。彼bǐ兵bīng者zhě,所suǒ以yǐ禁jìn暴bào除chú害hài也yě,非fēi争zhēng夺duó也yě。故gù仁rén人rén之zhī兵bīng,所suǒ存cún者zhě神shén,所suǒ过guò者zhě化huà,若ruò时shí雨yǔ之zhī降jiàng,莫mò不bù说shuō喜xǐ。是shì以yǐ尧yáo伐fá驩huān兜dōu,舜shùn伐fá有yǒu苗miáo,禹yǔ伐fá共gòng工gōng,汤tāng伐fá有yǒu夏xià,文wén王wáng伐fá崇chóng,武wǔ王wáng伐fá纣zhòu,此cǐ四sì帝dì、两liǎng王wáng皆jiē以yǐ仁rén义yì之zhī兵bīng行xíng于yú天tiān下xià也yě。故gù近jìn者zhě亲qīn其qí善shàn,远yuǎn方fāng慕mù其qí德dé;兵bīng不bú血xuè刃rèn,远yuǎn迩ěr来lái服fú,德dé盛shèng于yú此cǐ,施shī及jí四sì极jí。《诗shī》曰yuē:‘淑shū人rén君jūn子zǐ,其qí仪yí不bú忒tè,’此cǐ之zhī谓wèi也yě。”
李lǐ斯sī问wèn孙sūn卿qīng子zǐ曰yuē:“秦qín四sì世shì有yǒu胜shèng,兵bīng强qiáng海hǎi内nèi,威wēi行xíng诸zhū侯hóu,非fēi以yǐ仁rén义yì为wèi之zhī也yě,以yǐ便biàn从cóng事shì而ér已yǐ。”
孙sūn卿qīng子zǐ曰yuē:“非fēi女nǚ所suǒ知zhī也yě。女nǚ所suǒ谓wèi便biàn者zhě,不bú便biàn之zhī便biàn也yě;吾wú所suǒ谓wèi仁rén义yì者zhě,大dà便biàn之zhī便biàn也yě。彼bǐ仁rén义yì者zhě,所suǒ以yǐ修xiū政zhèng者zhě也yě,政zhèng修xiū则zé民mín亲qīn其qí上shàng,乐lè其qí君jūn,而ér轻qīng为wèi之zhī死sǐ。故gù曰yuē:凡fán在zài于yú君jūn,将jiāng率lǜ,末mò事shì也yě。秦qín四sì世shì有yǒu胜shèng,諰xǐ諰xǐ然rán常cháng恐kǒng天tiān下xià之zhī一yī合hé而ér轧yà己jǐ也yě,此cǐ所suǒ谓wèi末mò世shì之zhī兵bīng,未wèi有yǒu本běn统tǒng也yě。故gù汤tāng之zhī放fàng桀jié也yě,非fēi其qí逐zhú之zhī鸣míng条tiáo之zhī时shí也yě;武wǔ王wáng之zhī诛zhū纣zhòu也yě,非fēi以yǐ甲jiǎ子zǐ之zhī朝cháo而ér后hòu胜shèng之zhī也yě。皆jiē前qián行xíng素sù修xiū也yě,此cǐ所suǒ谓wèi仁rén义yì之zhī兵bīng也yě。今jīn女nǚ不bù求qiú之zhī于yú本běn而ér索suǒ之zhī于yú末mò,此cǐ世shì之zhī所suǒ以yǐ乱luàn也yě。
礼lǐ者zhě,治zhì辨biàn之zhī极jí也yě,强qiáng固gù之zhī本běn也yě,威wēi行xíng之zhī道dào也yě,功gōng名míng之zhī总zǒng也yě。王wáng公gōng由yóu之zhī,所suǒ以yǐ得dé天tiān下xià也yě,不bù由yóu,所suǒ以yǐ陨yǔn社shè稷jì也yě。故gù坚jiān甲jiǎ利lì兵bīng不bù足zú以yǐ为wéi胜shèng,高gāo城chéng深shēn池chí不bù足zú以yǐ为wéi固gù,严yán令lìng繁fán刑xíng不bù足zú以yǐ为wéi威wēi,由yóu其qí道dào则zé行xíng,不bù由yóu其qí道dào则zé废fèi。楚chǔ人rén鲛jiāo革gé、犀xī兕sì以yǐ为wéi甲jiǎ,鞈gé如rú金jīn石shí;宛wǎn钜jù铁tiě釶shī,惨cǎn如rú蜂fēng虿chài;轻qīng利lì僄piào遬sù,卒zú如rú飘piāo风fēng,然rán而ér兵bīng殆dài于yú垂chuí沙shā,唐táng蔑miè死sǐ,庄zhuāng□起qǐ,楚chǔ分fēn而ér为wèi三sān四sì。是shì岂qǐ无wú坚jiān甲jiǎ利lì兵bīng也yě哉zāi?其qí所suǒ以yǐ统tǒng之zhī者zhě非fēi其qí道dào故gù也yě。汝rǔ、颍yǐng以yǐ为wéi险xiǎn,江jiāng、汉hàn以yǐ为wéi池chí,限xiàn之zhī以yǐ邓dèng林lín,缘yuán之zhī以yǐ方fāng城chéng,然rán而ér秦qín师shī至zhì而ér鄢yān、郢yǐng举jǔ,若ruò振zhèn槁gǎo然rán。是shì岂qǐ无wú固gù塞sāi隘ài阻zǔ也yě哉zāi?其qí所suǒ以yǐ统tǒng之zhī者zhě非fēi其qí道dào故gù也yě。纣zhòu刳kū比bǐ干gān,囚qiú箕jī子zǐ,为wèi炮páo烙luò刑xíng;杀shā戮lù无wú时shí,臣chén下xià懔lǐn然rán莫mò必bì其qí命mìng,然rán而ér周zhōu师shī至zhì而ér令lìng不bù行xíng乎hū下xià,不bù能néng用yòng其qí民mín。是shì岂qǐ令lìng不bù严yán、刑xíng不bù繁fán也yě哉zāi?其qí所suǒ以yǐ统tǒng之zhī者zhě非fēi其qí道dào故gù也yě。古gǔ之zhī兵bīng,戈gē、矛máo、弓gōng、矢shǐ而ér已yǐ矣yǐ,然rán而ér敌dí国guó不bú待dài试shì而ér诎qū;城chéng郭guō不bú辨biàn,沟gōu池chí不bù拑qián,固gù塞sāi不bú树shù,机jī变biàn不bù张zhāng,然rán而ér国guó晏yàn然rán不bú畏wèi外wài而ér明míng内nèi者zhě,无wú它tā故gù焉yān,明míng道dào而ér钧jūn分fēn之zhī,时shí使shǐ而ér诚chéng爱ài之zhī,下xià之zhī和hé上shàng也yě如rú影yǐng响xiǎng,有yǒu不bù由yóu令lìng者zhě然rán后hòu诛zhū之zhī以yǐ刑xíng。故gù刑xíng一yì人rén而ér天tiān下xià服fú,罪zuì人rén不bù邮yóu其qí上shàng,知zhī罪zuì之zhī在zài己jǐ也yě;是shì故gù刑xíng罚fá省shěng而ér威wēi流liú,无wú它tā故gù焉yān,由yóu其qí道dào故gù也yě。古gǔ者zhě帝dì尧yáo之zhī治zhì天tiān下xià也yě。盖gài杀shā一yì人rén、刑xíng二èr人rén而ér天tiān下xià治zhì。传chuán曰yuē:‘威wēi厉lì而ér不bú试shì,刑xíng错cuò而ér不bú用yòng。’此cǐ之zhī谓wèi也yě。
凡fán人rén之zhī动dòng也yě,为wèi赏shǎng庆qìng为wèi之zhī则zé见jiàn害hài伤shāng焉yān止zhǐ矣yǐ。故gù赏shǎng庆qìng刑xíng罚fá势shì诈zhà不bù足zú以yǐ尽jìn人rén之zhī力lì,致zhì人rén之zhī死sǐ。为wèi人rén主zhǔ上shàng者zhě也yě,其qí所suǒ以yǐ接jiē下xià之zhī百bǎi姓xìng者zhě,无wú礼lǐ忠zhōng信xìn,焉yān虑lǜ率lǜ用yòng赏shǎng庆qìng刑xíng罚fá势shì诈zhà险xiǎn阸è其qí下xià,获huò其qí功gōng用yòng而ér已yǐ矣yǐ。大dà寇kòu则zé至zhì,使shǐ之zhī持chí危wēi城chéng则zé必bì畔pàn,遇yù敌dí处chù战zhàn则zé必bì北běi,劳láo苦kǔ烦fán辱rǔ则zé必bì奔bēn,霍huò焉yān离lí耳ěr,下xià反fǎn制zhì其qí上shàng。故gù赏shǎng庆qìng刑xíng罚fá势shì诈zhà之zhī为wèi道dào者zhě,佣yōng徒tú粥zhōu卖mài之zhī道dào也yě,不bù足zú以yǐ合hé大dà众zhòng,美měi国guó家jiā,故gù古gǔ之zhī人rén羞xiū而ér不bú道dào也yě。故gù厚hòu德dé音yīn以yǐ先xiān之zhī,明míng礼lǐ义yì以yǐ道dào之zhī,致zhì忠zhōng信xìn以yǐ爱ài之zhī,尚shàng贤xián使shǐ能néng以yǐ次cì之zhī,爵jué服fú庆qìng赏shǎng以yǐ申shēn之zhī,时shí其qí事shì,轻qīng其qí任rèn以yǐ调tiáo齐qí之zhī,长cháng养yǎng之zhī,如rú保bǎo赤chì子zǐ,政zhèng令lìng以yǐ定dìng,风fēng俗sú以yǐ一yī。有yǒu离lí俗sú不bú顺shùn其qí上shàng,则zé百bǎi姓xìng莫mò不bù敦dūn恶è,莫mò不bù毒dú孽niè,若ruò祓fú不bù祥xiáng,然rán后hòu刑xíng于yú是shì起qǐ矣yǐ。是shì大dà刑xíng之zhī所suǒ加jiā也yě,辱rǔ孰shú大dà焉yān?将jiāng以yǐ为wéi利lì邪xié?则zé大dà刑xíng加jiā焉yān。身shēn苟gǒu不bù狂kuáng惑huò戆gàng陋lòu,谁shuí睹dǔ是shì而ér不bù改gǎi也yě哉zāi!然rán后hòu百bǎi姓xìng晓xiǎo然rán皆jiē知zhī修xiū上shàng之zhī法fǎ,像xiàng上shàng之zhī志zhì而ér安ān乐lè之zhī,于yú是shì有yǒu能néng化huà善shàn、修xiū身shēn、正zhèng行xíng、积jī礼lǐ义yì、尊zūn道dào德dé,百bǎi姓xìng莫mò不bú贵guì敬jìng,莫mò不bù亲qīn誉yù,然rán后hòu赏shǎng于yú是shì起qǐ矣yǐ。是shì高gāo爵jué丰fēng禄lù之zhī所suǒ加jiā也yě,荣róng孰shú大dà焉yān?将jiāng以yǐ为wéi害hài邪xié?则zé高gāo爵jué丰fēng禄lù以yǐ持chí养yǎng之zhī,生shēng民mín之zhī属shǔ,孰shú不bú愿yuàn也yě。雕diāo雕diāo焉yān县xiàn贵guì爵jué重zhòng赏shǎng于yú其qí前qián,县xiàn明míng刑xíng大dà辱rǔ于yú其qí后hòu,虽suī欲yù无wú化huà,能néng乎hū哉zāi?故gù民mín归guī之zhī如rú流liú水shuǐ,所suǒ存cún者zhě神shén,所suǒ为wèi者zhě化huà。而ér顺shùn,暴bào悍hàn勇yǒng力lì之zhī属shǔ为wèi之zhī化huà而ér愿yuàn,旁páng辟pì曲qǔ私sī之zhī属shǔ为wèi之zhī化huà而ér公gōng,矜jīn纠jiū收shōu缭liáo之zhī属shǔ为wèi之zhī化huà而ér调tiáo,夫fū是shì之zhī谓wèi大dà化huà至zhì一yī。《诗shī》曰yuē:‘王wáng犹yóu允yǔn塞sāi,徐xú方fāng既jì来lái。’此cǐ之zhī谓wèi也yě。
凡fán兼jiān人rén者zhě有yǒu三sān术shù:有yǒu以yǐ德dé兼jiān人rén者zhě,有yǒu以yǐ力lì兼jiān人rén者zhě,有yǒu以yǐ富fù兼jiān人rén者zhě。彼bǐ贵guì我wǒ名míng声shēng,美měi我wǒ德dé行xíng,欲yù为wèi我wǒ民mín,故gù辟pì门mén除chú涂tú以yǐ迎yíng吾wú入rù,因yīn其qí民mín,袭xí其qí处chù,而ér百bǎi姓xìng皆jiē安ān,立lì法fǎ施shī令lìng莫mò不bú顺shùn比bǐ。是shì故gù得dé地dì而ér权quán弥mí重zhòng,兼jiān人rén而ér兵bīng俞yú强qiáng,是shì以yǐ德dé兼jiān人rén者zhě也yě。非fēi贵guì我wǒ名míng声shēng也yě,非fēi美měi我wǒ德dé行xíng也yě,彼bǐ畏wèi我wǒ威wēi,劫jié我wǒ势shì,故gù民mín虽suī有yǒu离lí心xīn,不bù敢gǎn有yǒu畔pàn虑lǜ,若ruò是shì,则zé戎róng甲jiǎ俞yú众zhòng,奉fèng养yǎng必bì费fèi。是shì故gù得dé地dì而ér权quán弥mí轻qīng,兼jiān人rén而ér兵bīng俞yú弱ruò,是shì以yǐ力lì兼jiān人rén者zhě也yě。非fēi贵guì我wǒ名míng声shēng也yě,非fēi美měi我wǒ德dé行xíng也yě,用yòng贫pín求qiú富fù,用yòng饥jī求qiú饱bǎo,虚xū腹fù张zhāng口kǒu来lái归guī我wǒ食shí;若ruò是shì,则zé必bì发fā夫fū掌zhǎng窌jiào之zhī粟sù以yǐ食shí之zhī,委wěi之zhī财cái货huò以yǐ富fù之zhī,立lì良liáng有yǒu司sī以yǐ接jiē之zhī,已yǐ朞jī三sān年nián,然rán后hòu民mín可kě信xìn也yě。是shì故gù得dé地dì而ér权quán弥mí轻qīng,兼jiān人rén而ér国guó俞yú贫pín,是shì以yǐ富fù兼jiān人rén者zhě也yě。故gù曰yuē:以yǐ德dé兼jiān人rén者zhě王wáng,以yǐ力lì兼jiān人rén者zhě弱ruò,以yǐ富fù兼jiān人rén者zhě贫pín。古gǔ今jīn一yī也yě。
兼jiān并bìng易yì能néng也yě,唯wéi坚jiān凝níng之zhī难nán焉yān。齐qí能néng并bìng宋sòng而ér不bù能néng凝níng也yě,故gù魏wèi夺duó之zhī;燕yàn能néng并bìng齐qí而ér不bù能néng凝níng也yě,故gù田tián单dān夺duó之zhī;韩hán之zhī上shàng地dì,方fāng数shù百bǎi里lǐ,完wán全quán富fù足zú而ér趋qū赵zhào,赵zhào不bù能néng凝níng也yě,故gù秦qín夺duó之zhī。故gù能néng并bìng之zhī而ér不bù能néng凝níng,则zé必bì夺duó;不bù能néng并bìng之zhī又yòu不bù能néng凝níng其qí有yǒu,则zé必bì亡wáng。能néng凝níng之zhī,则zé必bì能néng并bìng之zhī矣yǐ。得dé之zhī则zé凝níng,兼jiān并bìng无wú强qiáng。古gǔ者zhě汤tāng以yǐ薄báo,武wǔ王wáng以yǐ滈hào,皆jiē百bǎi里lǐ之zhī地dì也yě,天tiān下xià为wéi一yī,诸zhū侯hóu为wèi臣chén,无wú它tā故gù焉yān,能néng凝níng之zhī也yě。故gù凝níng士shì以yǐ礼lǐ,凝níng民mín以yǐ政zhèng;礼lǐ修xiū而ér士shì服fú,政zhèng平píng而ér民mín安ān,士shì服fú民mín安ān,夫fū是shì之zhī谓wèi大dà凝níng。以yǐ守shǒu则zé固gù,以yǐ征zhēng则zé强qiáng,令lìng行xíng禁jìn止zhǐ,王wáng者zhě之zhī事shì毕bì矣yǐ。”
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