五wǔ行háng,天tiān所suǒ以yǐ命mìng万wàn物wù者zhě也yě,故gù“初chū一yī曰yuē五wǔ行háng”。五wǔ事shì,人rén所suǒ以yǐ继jì天tiān道dào而ér成chéng性xìng者zhě也yě,故gù“次cì二èr曰yuē敬jìng用yòng五wǔ事shì”。五wǔ事shì,人rén君jūn所suǒ以yǐ修xiū其qí心xīn、治zhì其qí身shēn者zhě也yě,修xiū其qí心xīn,治zhì其qí身shēn,而ér后hòu可kě以yǐ为wéi政zhèng于yú天tiān下xià,故gù“次cì三sān曰yuē农nóng用yòng八bā政zhèng”。为wèi政zhèng必bì协xié之zhī岁suì、月yuè、日rì、星xīng辰chén、曆lì数shù之zhī纪jì,故gù“次cì四sì曰yuē协xié用yòng五wǔ纪jì”。既jì协xié之zhī岁suì、月yuè、日rì、星xīng辰chén、曆lì数shù之zhī纪jì,当dāng立lì之zhī以yǐ天tiān下xià之zhī中zhōng,故gù“次cì五wǔ曰yuē建jiàn用yòng皇huáng极jí”。中zhōng者zhě,所suǒ以yǐ立lì本běn,而ér未wèi足zú以yǐ趣qù时shí,趣qù时shí则zé中zhōng不bu中zhōng无wú常cháng也yě,唯wéi所suǒ施shī之zhī宜yí而ér已yǐ矣yǐ,故gù“次cì六liù曰yuē用yòng三sān德dé”。有yǒu皇huáng极jí以yǐ立lì本běn,有yǒu三sān德dé以yǐ趣qù时shí,而ér人rén君jūn之zhī能néng事shì具jù矣yǐ。虽suī然rán,天tiān下xià之zhī故gù犹yóu不bù能néng无wú疑yí也yě。疑yí则zé如rú之zhī何hé?谋móu之zhī人rén以yǐ尽jìn其qí智zhì,谋móu之zhī鬼guǐ神shén以yǐ尽jìn其qí神shén,而ér不bù专zhuān用yòng己jǐ也yě,故gù“次cì七qī曰yuē明míng用yòng稽jī疑yí”。虽suī不bù专zhuān用yòng己jǐ而ér参cān之zhī于yú人rén物wù、鬼guǐ神shén,然rán而ér反fǎn身shēn不bù诚chéng不bú善shàn,则zé明míng不bù足zú以yǐ尽jìn人rén物wù,幽yōu不bù足zú以yǐ尽jìn鬼guǐ神shén,则zé其qí在zài我wǒ者zhě不bù可kě以yǐ不bù思sī。在zài我wǒ者zhě,其qí得dé失shī微wēi而ér难nán知zhī,莫mò若ruò质zhì诸zhū天tiān物wù之zhī显xiǎn而ér易yì见jiàn,且qiě可kě以yǐ为wéi戒jiè也yě,故gù“次cì八bā曰yuē念niàn用yòng庶shù证zhèng”。自zì五wǔ事shì至zhì于yú庶shù证zhèng各gè得dé其qí序xù,则zé五wǔ福fú之zhī所suǒ集jí,自zì五wǔ事shì至zhì于yú庶shù证zhèng各gè失shī其qí序xù,则zé六liù极jí之zhī所suǒ集jí,故gù“次cì九jiǔ曰yuē向xiàng用yòng五wǔ福fú,威wēi用yòng六liù极jí”。敬jìng者zhě何hé?君jūn子zǐ所suǒ以yǐ直zhí内nèi也yě,言yán五wǔ事shì之zhī本běn在zài人rén心xīn而ér已yǐ。农nóng者zhě何hé?厚hòu也yě,言yán君jūn子zǐ之zhī道dào施shī于yú有yǒu政zhèng,取qǔ诸zhū此cǐ以yǐ厚hòu彼bǐ而ér已yǐ。有yǒu本běn以yǐ保bǎo常cháng而ér后hòu可kě立lì也yě,故gù皇huáng极jí曰yuē建jiàn。有yǒu变biàn以yǐ趣qù时shí,而ér后hòu可kě治zhì也yě,故gù三sān德dé曰yuē,向xiàng者zhě,慕mù而ér欲yù其qí至zhì也yě;威wēi者zhě,畏wèi而ér欲yù其qí亡wáng也yě。
“五wǔ行háng,一yì曰yuē水shuǐ,二èr曰yuē火huǒ,三sān曰yuē木mù,四sì曰yuē金jīn,五wǔ曰yuē土tǔ”,何hé也yě?五wǔ行háng也yě者zhě,成chéng变biàn化huà而ér行xíng鬼guǐ神shén,往wǎng来lái乎hū天tiān地dì之zhī间jiān而ér不bù穷qióng者zhě也yě,是shì故gù谓wèi之zhī行xíng。天tiān一yì生shēng水shuǐ,其qí于yú物wù为wèi精jīng,精jīng者zhě,一yī之zhī所suǒ生shēng也yě。地dì二èr生shēng火huǒ,其qí于yú物wù为wèi神shén,神shén者zhě,有yǒu精jīng而ér后hòu从cóng之zhī者zhě也yě。天tiān三sān生shēng木mù,其qí于yú物wù为wèi魂hún,魂hún从cóng神shén者zhě也yě。地dì四sì生shēng金jīn,其qí于yú物wù为wèi魄pò,魄pò者zhě,有yǒu魂hún而ér后hòu从cóng之zhī者zhě也yě。天tiān五wǔ生shēng土tǔ,其qí于yú物wù为wèi意yì,精jīng神shén魂hún魄pò具jù而ér后hòu有yǒu意yì。自zì天tiān一yí至zhì于yú天tiān五wǔ,五wǔ行xíng之zhī生shēng数shù也yě。以yǐ奇qí生shēng者zhě成chéng而ér耦ǒu,以yǐ耦ǒu生shēng者zhě成chéng而ér奇qí,其qí成chéng之zhī者zhě皆jiē五wǔ。五wǔ者zhě,天tiān数shù之zhī中zhōng也yě,盖gài中zhōng者zhě所suǒ以yǐ成chéng物wù也yě。道dào立lì于yú两liǎng,成chéng于yú三sān,变biàn于yú五wǔ,而ér天tiān地dì之zhī数shù具jù。其qí为wèi十shí也yě,耦ǒu之zhī而ér已yǐ。盖gài五wǔ行háng之zhī为wèi物wù,其qí时shí,其qí位wèi,其qí材cái,其qí气qì,其qí性xìng,其qí形xíng,其qí事shì,其qí情qíng,其qí色sè,其qí声shēng,其qí臭chòu,其qí味wèi,皆jiē各gè有yǒu耦ǒu,推tuī而ér散sàn之zhī,无wú所suǒ不bù通tōng。一yì柔róu一yì刚gāng,一yí晦huì一yì明míng,故gù有yǒu正zhèng有yǒu邪xié,有yǒu美měi有yǒu恶è,有yǒu丑chǒu有yǒu好hǎo,有yǒu凶xiōng有yǒu吉jí,性xìng命mìng之zhī理lǐ、道dào德dé之zhī意yì皆jiē在zài是shì矣yǐ。耦ǒu之zhī中zhōng又yòu有yǒu耦ǒu焉yān,而ér万wàn物wù之zhī变biàn遂suì至zhì于yú无wú穷qióng。其qí相xiāng生shēng也yě,所suǒ以yǐ相xiāng继jì也yě;其qí相xiāng克kè也yě,所suǒ以yǐ相xiāng治zhì也yě。语yǔ器qì也yě以yǐ相xiāng治zhì,故gù序xù六liù府fǔ以yǐ相xiāng克kè;语yǔ时shí也yě以yǐ相xiāng继jì,故gù序xù盛shèng德dé所suǒ在zài以yǐ相xiāng生shēng。《洪hóng范fàn》语yǔ道dào与yǔ命mìng,故gù其qí序xù与yǔ语yǔ器qì与yǔ时shí者zhě异yì也yě。道dào者zhě,万wàn物wù莫mò不bù由yóu之zhī者zhě也yě。命mìng者zhě,万wàn物wù莫mò不bù听tīng之zhī者zhě也yě。器qì者zhě,道dào之zhī散sàn,时shí者zhě,命mìng之zhī运yùn。由yóu于yú道dào,听tīng于yú命mìng而ér不bù知zhī者zhě,百bǎi姓xìng也yě;由yóu于yú道dào,听tīng于yú命mìng而ér知zhī之zhī者zhě,君jūn子zǐ也yě。道dào万wàn物wù而ér无wú所suǒ由yóu,命mìng万wàn物wù而ér无wú所suǒ听tīng,唯wéi天tiān下xià之zhī至zhì神shén为wèi能néng与yǔ于yú此cǐ。夫fū火huǒ之zhī于yú水shuǐ,妻qī道dào也yě;其qí于yú土tǔ,母mǔ道dào也yě。故gù神shén从cóng志zhì,无wú志zhì则zé从cóng意yì。志zhì致zhì一yī之zhī谓wèi精jīng,唯wéi天tiān下xià之zhī至zhì精jīng,为wèi能néng合hé天tiān下xià之zhī至zhì神shén。精jīng与yǔ神shén一yī而ér不bù离lí,则zé变biàn化huà之zhī所suǒ为wèi在zài我wǒ而ér已yǐ。是shì故gù能néng道dào万wàn物wù而ér无wú所suǒ由yóu,命mìng万wàn物wù而ér无wú所suǒ听tīng也yě。
“水shuǐ曰yuē润rùn下xià,火huǒ曰yuē炎yán上shàng,木mù曰yuē曲qū直zhí,金jīn曰yuē从cóng革gé,土tǔ爰yuán稼jià穑sè”,何hé也yě?北běi方fāng阴yīn极jí而ér生shēng寒hán,寒hán生shēng水shuǐ,南nán方fāng阳yáng极jí而ér生shēng热rè,热rè生shēng火huǒ,故gù水shuǐ润rùn而ér火huǒ炎yán,水shuǐ下xià而ér火huǒ上shàng。东dōng方fāng阳yáng动dòng以yǐ散sàn而ér生shēng风fēng,风fēng生shēng木mù。木mù者zhě,阳yáng中zhōng也yě,故gù能néng变biàn,能néng变biàn,故gù曲qū直zhí。西xī方fāng阴yīn止zhǐ以yǐ收shōu而ér生shēng燥zào,燥zào生shēng金jīn。金jīn者zhě,阴yīn中zhōng也yě,故gù能néng化huà,能néng化huà,故gù从cóng革gé。中zhōng央yāng阴yīn阳yáng交jiāo而ér生shēng湿shī,湿shī生shēng土tǔ。土tǔ者zhě,阴yīn阳yáng冲chōng气qì之zhī所suǒ生shēng也yě,故gù发fā之zhī而ér为wèi稼jià,敛liǎn之zhī而ér为wèi穑sè。曰yuē者zhě,所suǒ以yǐ命mìng其qí物wù。爰yuán者zhě,言yán于yú之zhī稼jià穑sè而ér已yǐ。润rùn者zhě,性xìng也yě。炎yán者zhě,气qì也yě。上shàng下xià者zhě,位wèi也yě。曲qǔ直zhí者zhě,形xíng也yě。从cóng革gé者zhě,材cái也yě。稼jià穑sè者zhě,人rén事shì也yě。冬dōng,物wù之zhī性xìng复fù,复fù者zhě,性xìng之zhī所suǒ,故gù于yú水shuǐ言yán其qí性xìng。夏xià,物wù之zhī气qì交jiāo,交jiāo者zhě,气qì之zhī时shí,故gù于yú火huǒ言yán其qí气qì。阳yáng极jí上shàng,阴yīn极jí下xià,而ér后hòu各gè得dé其qí位wèi,故gù于yú水shuǐ火huǒ言yán其qí位wèi。春chūn,物wù之zhī形xíng着zhe,故gù于yú木mù言yán其qí形xíng。秋qiū,物wù之zhī材cái成chéng,故gù于yú金jīn言yán其qí材cái。中zhōng央yāng,人rén之zhī位wèi也yě,故gù于yú土tǔ言yán人rén事shì。水shuǐ言yán润rùn,则zé火huǒ,土tǔ溽rù,木mù敷fū,金jīn敛liǎn,皆jiē可kě知zhī也yě。火huǒ言yán炎yán,则zé水shuǐ洌liè,土tǔ,木mù温wēn,金jīn凊qìng,皆jiē可kě知zhī也yě。水shuǐ言yán下xià,火huǒ言yán上shàng,则zé木mù左zuǒ,金jīn右yòu,土tǔ中zhōng央yāng,皆jiē可kě知zhī也yě。推tuī类lèi而ér反fǎn之zhī,则zé曰yuē后hòu,曰yuē前qián,曰yuē西xī,曰yuē东dōng,曰yuē北běi,曰yuē南nán,皆jiē可kě知zhī也yě。木mù言yán曲qū直zhí,则zé土tǔ圜huán,金jīn方fāng,火huǒ锐ruì,水shuǐ准zhǔn,皆jiē可kě知zhī也yě。金jīn言yán从cóng革gé,则zé木mù变biàn,土tǔ化huà,水shuǐ因yīn,火huǒ革gé,皆jiē可kě知zhī也yě。土tǔ言yán稼jià穑sè,则zé水shuǐ之zhī井jǐng洫xù,火huǒ之zhī爨cuàn冶yě,木mù、金jīn之zhī为wèi械xiè器qì,皆jiē可kě知zhī也yě。所suǒ谓wèi木mù变biàn者zhě何hé?灼zhuó之zhī而ér为wèi火huǒ,烂làn之zhī而ér为wèi土tǔ,此cǐ之zhī谓wèi变biàn。所suǒ谓wèi土tǔ化huà者zhě何hé?能néng能néng润rùn,能néng敷fū能néng敛liǎn,此cǐ之zhī谓wèi化huà。所suǒ谓wèi水shuǐ因yīn者zhě何hé?因yīn甘gān而ér甘gān,因yīn苦kǔ而ér苦kǔ,因yīn苍cāng而ér苍cāng,因yīn白bái而ér白bái,此cǐ之zhī谓wèi因yīn。所suǒ谓wèi火huǒ革gé者zhě何hé?革gé生shēng以yǐ为wéi熟shú,革gé柔róu以yǐ为wéi刚gāng,革gé刚gāng以yǐ为wéi柔róu,此cǐ之zhī谓wèi革gé。金jīn亦yì能néng化huà,而ér命mìng之zhī曰yuē从cóng革gé者zhě何hé?可kě以yǐ圜huán,可kě以yǐ平píng,可kě以yǐ锐ruì,可kě以yǐ曲qū直zhí,然rán非fēi火huǒ革gé之zhī,则zé不bù能néng自zì化huà也yě,是shì故gù命mìng之zhī曰yuē从cóng革gé也yě。夫fū金jīn,阴yīn精jīng之zhī纯chún也yě,是shì其qí所suǒ以yǐ不bù能néng自zì化huà也yě。盖gài天tiān地dì之zhī用yòng五wǔ行háng也yě,水shuǐ施shī之zhī,火huǒ化huà之zhī,木mù生shēng之zhī,金jīn成chéng之zhī,土tǔ和hé之zhī。施shī生shēng以yǐ柔róu,化huà成chéng以yǐ刚gāng,故gù木mù挠náo而ér水shuǐ弱ruò,金jīn坚jiān而ér火huǒ悍hàn,悍hàn坚jiān而ér济jì以yǐ和hé,万wàn物wù之zhī所suǒ成chéng也yě,奈nài何hé终zhōng于yú挠náo弱ruò而ér欲yù以yǐ收shōu成chéng物wù之zhī功gōng哉zāi?
“润rùn下xià作zuò咸xián,炎yán上shàng作zuò苦kǔ,曲qū直zhí作zuò酸suān,从cóng革gé作zuò辛xīn,稼jià穑sè作zuò甘gān”,何hé也yě?寒hán生shēng水shuǐ,水shuǐ生shēng咸xián,故gù润rùn下xià作zuò咸xián。热rè生shēng火huǒ,火huǒ生shēng苦kǔ,故gù炎yán上shàng作zuò苦kǔ。风fēng生shēng木mù,木mù生shēng酸suān,故gù曲qū直zhí作zuò酸suān。燥zào生shēng金jīn,金jīn生shēng辛xīn,故gù从cóng革gé作zuò辛xīn。湿shī生shēng土tǔ,土tǔ生shēng甘gān,故gù稼jià穑sè作zuò甘gān。生shēng物wù者zhě,气qì也yě;成chéng之zhī者zhě,味wèi也yě。以yǐ奇qí生shēng则zé成chéng而ér耦ǒu,以yǐ耦ǒu生shēng则zé成chéng而ér奇qí。寒hán之zhī气qì坚jiān,故gù其qí味wèi可kě用yòng以yǐ绥suí;热rè之zhī气qì,故gù其qí味wèi可kě用yòng以yǐ坚jiān。风fēng之zhī气qì散sàn,故gù其qí味wèi可kě用yòng以yǐ收shōu;燥zào之zhī气qì收shōu,故gù其qí味wèi可kě用yòng以yǐ散sàn。土tǔ者zhě,冲chōng气qì之zhī所suǒ生shēng也yě,冲chōng气qì则zé无wú所suǒ不bù和hé,故gù其qí味wèi可kě用yòng以yǐ绥suí而ér已yǐ。气qì坚jiān则zé壮zhuàng,故gù苦kǔ可kě以yǐ养yǎng气qì,脉mài则zé和hé,故gù咸xián可kě以yǐ养yǎng脉mài;骨gǔ收shōu则zé强qiáng,故gù酸suān可kě以yǐ养yǎng骨gǔ;筋jīn散sàn则zé不bù挛luán,故gù辛xīn可kě以yǐ养yǎng筋jīn;肉ròu缓huǎn则zé不bù壅yōng,故gù甘gān可kě以yǐ养yǎng肉ròu。坚jiān之zhī而ér后hòu可kě以yǐ,收shōu之zhī而ér后hòu可kě以yǐ散sàn;欲yù缓huǎn则zé用yòng甘gān,不bú欲yù则zé弗fú用yòng也yě。古gǔ之zhī养yǎng生shēng治zhì疾jí者zhě,必bì先xiān通tōng乎hū此cǐ,不bù通tōng乎hū此cǐ而ér能néng已yǐ人rén之zhī疾jí者zhě,盖gài寡guǎ矣yǐ。
“五wǔ事shì,一yì曰yuē貌mào,二èr曰yuē言yán,三sān曰yuē视shì,四sì曰yuē听tīng,五wǔ曰yuē思sī。貌mào曰yuē恭gōng,言yán曰yuē从cóng,视shì曰yuē明míng,听tīng曰yuē聪cōng,思sī曰yuē睿ruì。恭gōng作zuò肃sù,从cóng作zuò,明míng作zuò哲zhé,聪cōng作zuò谋móu,睿ruì作zuò圣shèng”,何hé也yě?恭gōng则zé貌mào钦qīn,故gù作zuò肃sù;从cóng则zé言yán顺shùn,故gù作zuò;明míng则zé善shàn视shì,故gù作zuò哲zhé;聪cōng则zé善shàn听tīng,故gù作zuò谋móu;睿ruì则zé思sī无wú所suǒ不bù通tōng,故gù作zuò圣shèng。五wǔ事shì以yǐ思sī为wéi主zhǔ,而ér貌mào最zuì其qí所suǒ后hòu也yě,而ér其qí次cì之zhī如rú此cǐ,何hé也yě?此cǐ言yán修xiū身shēn之zhī序xù也yě。恭gōng其qí貌mào,顺shùn其qí言yán,然rán后hòu可kě以yǐ学xué而ér至zhì于yú哲zhé。既jì哲zhé矣yǐ,然rán后hòu能néng听tīng而ér成chéng其qí谋móu。能néng谋móu矣yǐ,然rán后hòu可kě以yǐ思sī而ér至zhì于yú圣shèng。思sī者zhě,事shì之zhī所suǒ成chéng终zhōng而ér所suǒ成chéng始shǐ也yě,思sī所suǒ以yǐ作zuò圣shèng也yě。既jì圣shèng矣yǐ,则zé虽suī无wú思sī也yě,无wú为wéi也yě,寂jì然rán不bú动dòng,感gǎn而ér遂suì通tōng天tiān下xià之zhī故gù可kě也yě。
“八bā政zhèng,一yì曰yuē食shí,二èr曰yuē货huò,三sān曰yuē祀sì,四sì曰yuē司sī空kōng,五wǔ曰yuē司sī徒tú,六liù曰yuē司sī寇kòu,七qī曰yuē宾bīn,八bā曰yuē师shī”,何hé也yě?食shí货huò,人rén之zhī所suǒ以yǐ相xiāng生shēng养yǎng也yě,故gù一yì曰yuē食shí,二èr曰yuē货huò。有yǒu相xiāng生shēng养yǎng之zhī道dào,则zé不bù可kě不bú致zhì孝xiào于yú鬼guǐ神shén,而ér着zhe不bú忘wàng其qí所suǒ自zì,故gù三sān曰yuē祀sì。有yǒu所suǒ以yǐ相xiāng生shēng养yǎng之zhī道dào,而ér知zhī不bú忘wàng其qí所suǒ自zì,然rán后hòu能néng保bǎo其qí居jū,故gù四sì曰yuē司sī空kōng。司sī空kōng所suǒ以yǐ居jū民mín,民mín保bǎo其qí居jū,然rán后hòu可kě教jiào,故gù五wǔ曰yuē司sī徒tú。司sī徒tú以yǐ教jiào民mín,教jiào之zhī不bú率lǜ,然rán后hòu俟sì之zhī以yǐ刑xíng戮lù,故gù六liù曰yuē司sī寇kòu。自zì食shí货huò至zhì于yú司sī寇kòu,而ér治zhì内nèi者zhě具jù矣yǐ,故gù七qī曰yuē宾bīn,八bā曰yuē师shī。宾bīn所suǒ以yǐ接jiē外wài治zhì,师shī所suǒ以yǐ接jiē外wài乱luàn也yě。自zì食shí货huò至zhì于yú宾bīn师shī,莫mò不bù有yǒu官guān以yǐ治zhì之zhī,而ér独dú曰yuē司sī空kōng、司sī徒tú、司sī寇kòu者zhě,言yán官guān则zé以yǐ知zhī物wù之zhī有yǒu官guān,言yán物wù则zé以yǐ知zhī官guān之zhī有yǒu物wù也yě。
“五wǔ纪jì,一yì曰yuē岁suì,二èr曰yuē月yuè,三sān曰yuē日rì,四sì曰yuē星xīng辰chén,五wǔ曰yuē曆lì数shù”,何hé也yě?王wáng省shěng惟wéi岁suì,卿qīng士shì惟wéi月yuè,师shī尹yǐn惟wéi日rì,上shàng考kǎo之zhī星xīng辰chén,下xià考kǎo之zhī曆lì数shù,然rán后hòu岁suì月yuè日rì时shí不bù失shī其qí政zhèng,故gù一yì曰yuē岁suì,二èr曰yuē月yuè,三sān曰yuē日rì,四sì曰yuē星xīng辰chén,五wǔ曰yuē曆lì数shù。曆lì者zhě,数shù也yě;数shù者zhě,一yī二èr三sān四sì是shì也yě,五wǔ纪jì之zhī所suǒ成chéng终zhōng而ér所suǒ成chéng始shǐ也yě,非fēi特tè曆lì而ér已yǐ。先xiān王wáng之zhī举jǔ事shì也yě,莫mò不bù有yǒu时shí;其qí制zhì物wù也yě,莫mò不bù有yǒu数shù。有yǒu时shí,故gù莫mò敢gǎn废fèi;有yǒu数shù,故gù莫mò敢gǎn逾yú。盖gài尧yáo舜shùn所suǒ以yǐ同tóng律lǜ度dù量liàng衡héng,协xié时shí月yuè正zhèng日rì,而ér天tiān下xià治zhì者zhě,取qǔ诸zhū此cǐ而ér已yǐ。
“皇huáng极jí,皇huáng建jiàn其qí有yǒu极jí,敛liǎn时shí五wǔ福fú,用yòng敷fū锡xī厥jué庶shù民mín”,何hé也yě?皇huáng,君jūn也yě;极jí,中zhōng也yě。言yán君jūn建jiàn其qí有yǒu中zhōng,则zé万wàn物wù得dé其qí所suǒ,故gù能néng集jí五wǔ福fú以yǐ敷fū锡xī其qí庶shù民mín也yě。
“惟wéi时shí厥jué庶shù民mín,于yú汝rǔ极jí,锡xī汝rǔ保bǎo极jí”,何hé也yě?言yán庶shù民mín以yǐ君jūn为wèi中zhōng,君jūn保bǎo中zhōng,则zé民mín与yǔ之zhī也yě。
“凡fán厥jué庶shù民mín,无wú有yǒu淫yín朋péng,人rén无wú有yǒu比bǐ德dé,惟wéi皇huáng作zuò极jí”,何hé也yě?言yán君jūn中zhōng则zé民mín人rén中zhōng也yě。庶shù民mín无wú淫yín朋péng,人rén无wú比bǐ德dé者zhě,惟wéi君jūn为wèi中zhōng而ér已yǐ。盖gài君jūn有yǒu过guò行xíng偏piān政zhèng,则zé庶shù民mín有yǒu淫yín朋péng,人rén有yǒu比bǐ德dé矣yǐ。“凡fán厥jué庶shù民mín,有yǒu猷yóu,有yǒu为wèi,有yǒu守shǒu,汝rǔ则zé念niàn之zhī,不bù协xié于yú极jí,不bù罹lí于yú咎jiù,皇huáng则zé受shòu之zhī,而ér康kāng而ér色sè,曰yuē予yǔ攸yōu好hǎo德dé,汝rǔ则zé锡xī之zhī福fú,时shí人rén斯sī其qí惟wéi皇huáng之zhī极jí”,何hé也yě?言yán民mín之zhī有yǒu猷yóu、有yǒu为wèi、有yǒu守shǒu,汝rǔ则zé念niàn其qí所suǒ猷yóu、所suǒ为wèi、所suǒ守shǒu之zhī当dāng否fǒu。所suǒ猷yóu、所suǒ为wèi、所suǒ守shǒu不bù协xié于yú极jí,亦yì不bù罹lí于yú咎jiù,君jūn则zé容róng受shòu之zhī,而ér康kāng汝rǔ颜yán色sè而ér诱yòu之zhī。不bù协xié于yú极jí,不bù罹lí于yú咎jiù,虽suī未wèi可kě以yǐ锡xī之zhī福fú,然rán亦yì可kě教jiào者zhě也yě,故gù当dāng受shòu之zhī而ér不bù当dāng谴qiǎn怒nù也yě。《诗shī》曰yuē“载zǎi色sè载zǎi笑xiào,匪fěi怒nù伊yī教jiào”,康kāng而ér色sè之zhī谓wèi也yě。其qí曰yuē我wǒ所suǒ好hǎo者zhě德dé,则zé是shì协xié于yú极jí,则zé非fēi但dàn康kāng汝rǔ颜yán色sè以yǐ受shòu之zhī,又yòu当dāng锡xī之zhī福fú以yǐ劝quàn焉yān。如rú此cǐ,则zé人rén惟wéi君jūn之zhī中zhōng矣yǐ。不bù言yán“攸yōu好hǎo德dé,则zé锡xī之zhī福fú”,而ér言yán“曰yuē予yǔ攸yōu好hǎo德dé,则zé锡xī之zhī福fú”,何hé也yě?谓wèi之zhī皇huáng极jí,则zé不bù为wéi已yǐ甚shèn也yě。攸yōu好hǎo德dé,然rán后hòu锡xī之zhī福fú,则zé获huò福fú者zhě寡guǎ矣yǐ,是shì为wèi已yǐ甚shèn,而ér非fēi所suǒ以yǐ劝quàn也yě。曰yuē予yǔ攸yōu好hǎo德dé,则zé锡xī之zhī福fú,则zé是shì苟gǒu革gé面miàn以yǐ从cóng吾wú之zhī攸yōu好hǎo者zhě,吾wú不bù深shēn探tàn其qí心xīn,而ér皆jiē锡xī之zhī福fú也yě。此cǐ之zhī谓wèi皇huáng极jí之zhī道dào也yě。
“无wú虐nüè茕qióng独dú,而ér畏wèi高gāo明míng”,何hé也yě?言yán苟gǒu曰yuē好hǎo德dé,则zé虽suī茕qióng独dú,必bì进jìn宠chǒng之zhī而ér不bú虐nüè;苟gǒu曰yuē不bù好hǎo德dé,则zé虽suī高gāo明míng,必bì罪zuì废fèi之zhī而ér不bú畏wèi也yě。盖gài茕qióng独dú也yě者zhě,众zhòng之zhī所suǒ违wéi而ér虐nüè之zhī者zhě也yě;高gāo明míng也yě者zhě,众zhòng之zhī所suǒ比bǐ而ér畏wèi之zhī者zhě也yě。人rén君jūn蔽bì于yú众zhòng,而ér不bù知zhī自zì用yòng其qí福fú威wēi,则zé不bù期qī虐nüè茕qióng独dú,而ér茕qióng独dú实shí见jiàn虐nüè矣yǐ,不bù期qī畏wèi高gāo明míng,而ér高gāo明míng实shí见jiàn畏wèi矣yǐ。茕qióng独dú见jiàn虐nüè而ér莫mò劝quàn其qí作zuò德dé,则zé为wèi善shàn者zhě不bù长cháng;高gāo明míng见jiàn畏wèi而ér莫mò惩chéng其qí作zuò伪wěi,则zé为wèi恶è者zhě不bù消xiāo。善shàn不bù长cháng,恶è不bù消xiāo,人rén人rén离lí德dé作zuò伪wěi,则zé大dà乱luàn之zhī道dào也yě。然rán则zé虐nüè茕qióng独dú而ér宽kuān朋péng党dǎng之zhī多duō,畏wèi高gāo明míng而ér忽hū卑bēi晦huì之zhī贱jiàn,最zuì人rén君jūn之zhī大dà戒jiè也yě。
“人rén之zhī有yǒu能néng、有yǒu为wèi,使shǐ羞xiū其qí行xíng,而ér邦bāng其qí昌chāng”,何hé也yě?言yán有yǒu能néng者zhě,使shǐ在zài职zhí而ér羞xiū其qí材cái,有yǒu为wèi者zhě,使shǐ在zài位wèi而ér羞xiū其qí德dé,则zé邦bāng昌chāng也yě。人rén君jūn孰shú不bú欲yù有yǒu能néng者zhě羞xiū其qí材cái,有yǒu为wèi者zhě羞xiū其qí德dé,然rán旷kuàng千qiān数shù百bǎi年nián而ér未wèi有yǒu一yì人rén致zhì此cǐ,盖gài聪cōng不bù明míng而ér无wú以yǐ通tōng天tiān下xià之zhī志zhì,诚chéng不bú至zhì而ér无wú以yǐ通tōng天tiān下xià之zhī德dé,则zé智zhì以yǐ难nán知zhī,而ér为wèi愚yú者zhě所suǒ诎qū,贤xián以yǐ寡guǎ助zhù,而ér为wèi不bú肖xiào者zhě所suǒ困kùn,虽suī欲yù羞xiū其qí行xíng,不bù可kě得dé也yě。通tōng天tiān下xià之zhī志zhì在zài穷qióng理lǐ,同tóng天tiān下xià之zhī德dé在zài尽jìn性xìng。穷qióng理lǐ矣yǐ,故gù知zhī所suǒ谓wèi咎jiù而ér弗fú受shòu,知zhī所suǒ谓wèi德dé而ér锡xī之zhī福fú;尽jìn性xìng矣yǐ,故gù能néng不bú虐nüè茕qióng独dú以yǐ为wéi仁rén,不bú畏wèi高gāo明míng以yǐ为wéi义yì。如rú是shì,则zé愚yú者zhě可kě诱yòu而ér为wèi智zhì也yě,虽suī不bù可kě诱yòu而ér为wèi智zhì,必bì不bù使shǐ之zhī诎qū智zhì者zhě矣yǐ;不bú肖xiào者zhě可kě革gé而ér为wèi贤xián也yě,虽suī不bù可kě革gé而ér为wèi贤xián,必bì不bù使shǐ之zhī困kùn贤xián者zhě矣yǐ。夫fū然rán后hòu有yǒu能néng、有yǒu为wèi者zhě得dé羞xiū其qí行xíng,而ér邦bāng赖lài之zhī以yǐ昌chāng也yě。
“凡fán厥jué正zhèng人rén,既jì富fù方fāng谷gǔ,汝rǔ弗fú能néng使shǐ有yǒu好hǎo于yú而ér家jiā,时shí人rén斯sī其qí辜gū”,何hé也yě?言yán凡fán正zhèng人rén之zhī道dào,既jì富fù之zhī然rán后hòu善shàn。虽suī然rán,徒tú富fù之zhī亦yì不bù能néng善shàn也yě,必bì先xiān治zhì其qí家jiā,使shǐ人rén有yǒu好hǎo于yú汝rǔ家jiā,然rán后hòu人rén从cóng汝rǔ而ér善shàn也yě。汝rǔ弗fú能néng使shǐ有yǒu好hǎo于yú汝rǔ家jiā,则zé人rén无wú所suǒ视shì效xiào,而ér放fàng僻pì邪xié侈chǐ亦yì无wú不bú为wèi也yě。盖gài人rén君jūn能néng自zì治zhì,然rán后hòu可kě以yǐ治zhì人rén;能néng治zhì人rén,然rán后hòu人rén为wéi之zhī用yòng;人rén为wéi之zhī用yòng,然rán后hòu可kě以yǐ为wéi政zhèng于yú天tiān下xià。为wéi政zhèng于yú天tiān下xià者zhě,在zài乎hū富fù之zhī、善shàn之zhī,而ér善shàn之zhī,必bì自zì吾wú家jiā人rén始shǐ。所suǒ谓wèi自zì治zhì者zhě,“惟wéi皇huáng作zuò极jí”是shì也yě;所suǒ谓wèi治zhì人rén者zhě,“弗fú协xié于yú极jí,弗fú罹lí于yú咎jiù,皇huáng则zé受shòu之zhī,而ér康kāng而ér色sè,曰yuē予yǔ攸yōu好hǎo德dé,汝rǔ则zé锡xī之zhī福fú,无wú虐nüè茕qióng独dú,而ér畏wèi高gāo明míng”是shì也yě;所suǒ谓wèi人rén为wéi之zhī用yòng者zhě,“有yǒu能néng、有yǒu为wèi,使shǐ羞xiū其qí行xíng,而ér邦bāng其qí昌chāng”是shì也yě;所suǒ谓wèi为wéi政zhèng于yú天tiān下xià者zhě,“凡fán厥jué正zhèng人rén”是shì也yě。既jì曰yuē能néng治zhì人rén,则zé人rén固gù已yǐ善shàn矣yǐ,又yòu曰yuē富fù之zhī然rán后hòu善shàn,何hé也yě?所suǒ谓wèi治zhì人rén者zhě,教jiào化huà以yǐ善shàn之zhī也yě;所suǒ谓wèi富fù之zhī然rán后hòu善shàn者zhě,政zhèng以yǐ善shàn之zhī也yě。徒tú教jiào化huà不bù能néng使shǐ人rén善shàn,故gù继jì之zhī曰yuē“凡fán厥jué正zhèng人rén,既jì富fù方fāng谷gǔ”;徒tú政zhèng亦yì不bù能néng使shǐ人rén善shàn,故gù卒zú之zhī曰yuē“汝rǔ弗fú能néng使shǐ有yǒu好hǎo于yú而ér家jiā,时shí人rén斯sī其qí辜gū”也yě。“于yú其qí无wú好hǎo德dé,汝rǔ虽suī锡xī之zhī福fú,其qí作zuò汝rǔ用yòng咎jiù”,何hé也yě?既jì言yán治zhì家jiā不bú善shàn不bù足zú以yǐ正zhèng人rén也yě,又yòu言yán用yòng人rén不bú善shàn不bù足zú以yǐ正zhèng身shēn,言yán崇chóng长cháng不bù好hǎo德dé之zhī人rén而ér锡xī之zhī福fú,亦yì用yòng咎jiù作zuò汝rǔ而ér已yǐ矣yǐ。
“无wú偏piān无wú陂bēi,遵zūn王wáng之zhī义yì;无wú有yǒu作zuò好hǎo,遵zūn王wáng之zhī道dào;无wú有yǒu作zuò恶è,遵zūn王wáng之zhī路lù;无wú偏piān无wú党dǎng,王wáng道dào荡dàng荡dàng;无wú党dǎng无wú偏piān,王wáng道dào平píng平píng;无wú反fǎn无wú侧cè,王wáng道dào正zhèng直zhí;会huì其qí有yǒu极jí,归guī其qí有yǒu极jí。曰yuē皇huáng极jí之zhī敷fū言yán,是shì彝yí是shì训xùn,于yú帝dì其qí训xùn”,何hé也yě?言yán君jūn所suǒ以yǐ虚xū其qí心xīn,平píng其qí意yì,唯wéi义yì所suǒ在zài,以yǐ会huì归guī其qí有yǒu中zhōng者zhě。其qí说shuō以yǐ为wéi人rén君jūn以yǐ中zhōng道dào布bù言yán,是shì以yǐ为wéi彝yí、是shì以yǐ为wéi训xùn者zhě,于yú天tiān其qí训xùn而ér已yǐ。夫fū天tiān之zhī为wèi物wù也yě,可kě谓wèi无wú作zuò好hǎo,无wú作zuò恶è,无wú偏piān无wú党dǎng,无wú反fǎn无wú侧cè,会huì其qí有yǒu极jí,归guī其qí有yǒu极jí矣yǐ。荡dàng荡dàng者zhě,言yán乎hū其qí大dà;平píng平píng者zhě,言yán乎hū其qí治zhì。大dà而ér治zhì,终zhōng于yú正zhèng直zhí,而ér王wáng道dào成chéng矣yǐ。无wú偏piān者zhě,言yán乎hū其qí所suǒ居jū;无wú党dǎng者zhě,言yán乎hū其qí所suǒ与yǔ。以yǐ所suǒ居jū者zhě无wú偏piān,故gù能néng所suǒ与yǔ者zhě无wú党dǎng,故gù曰yuē“无wú偏piān无wú党dǎng”;以yǐ所suǒ与yǔ者zhě无wú党dǎng,故gù能néng所suǒ居jū者zhě无wú偏piān,故gù曰yuē“无wú党dǎng无wú偏piān”。偏piān不bù已yǐ,乃nǎi至zhì于yú侧cè;陂bēi不bù已yǐ,乃nǎi至zhì于yú反fǎn。始shǐ曰yuē“无wú偏piān无wú陂bēi”者zhě,率lǜ义yì以yǐ治zhì心xīn,不bù可kě以yǐ有yǒu偏piān陂bēi也yě;卒zú曰yuē“无wú反fǎn无wú侧cè”者zhě,及jí其qí成chéng德dé也yě,以yǐ中zhōng庸yōng应yìng物wù,则zé要yào之zhī使shǐ无wú反fǎn侧cè而ér已yǐ。路lù,大dà道dào也yě;正zhèng直zhí,中zhōng德dé也yě。始shǐ曰yuē“义yì”,中zhōng曰yuē“道dào”、曰yuē“路lù”,卒zú曰yuē“正zhèng直zhí”,尊zūn德dé性xìng而ér道dào问wèn学xué,致zhì广guǎng大dà而ér尽jìn精jīng微wēi,极jí高gāo明míng而ér道dào中zhōng庸yōng之zhī谓wèi也yě。孔kǒng子zǐ以yǐ为wèi“示shì之zhī以yǐ好hào恶wù,而ér民mín知zhī禁jìn”,今jīn曰yuē“无wú有yǒu作zuò好hǎo,无wú有yǒu作zuò恶è”者zhě,何hé也yě?好hào恶wù者zhě,性xìng也yě,天tiān命mìng之zhī谓wèi性xìng。作zuò者zhě,人rén为wéi也yě,人rén为wéi则zé与yǔ性xìng反fǎn矣yǐ。《书shū》曰yuē:“天tiān命mìng有yǒu德dé,五wǔ服fú五wǔ章zhāng哉zāi;天tiān讨tǎo有yǒu罪zuì,五wǔ刑xíng五wǔ用yòng哉zāi。”命mìng有yǒu德dé,讨tǎo有yǒu罪zuì,皆jiē天tiān也yě,则zé好hào恶wù者zhě岂qǐ可kě以yǐ人rén为wéi哉zāi?所suǒ谓wèi示shì之zhī以yǐ好hào恶wù者zhě性xìng而ér已yǐ矣yǐ。
“凡fán厥jué庶shù民mín,极jí之zhī敷fū言yán,是shì训xùn是shì行xíng,以yǐ近jìn天tiān子zǐ之zhī光guāng。曰yuē天tiān子zǐ作zuò民mín父fù母mǔ,以yǐ为wéi天tiān下xià王wáng”,何hé也yě?言yán凡fán厥jué庶shù民mín,以yǐ中zhōng道dào布bù言yán,“是shì训xùn是shì行xíng,以yǐ近jìn天tiān子zǐ之zhī光guāng”者zhě,其qí说shuō以yǐ为wéi天tiān子zǐ作zuò民mín父fù母mǔ以yǐ为wéi天tiān下xià王wáng,当dāng顺shùn而ér比bǐ之zhī,以yǐ效xiào其qí所suǒ为wèi,而ér不bù可kě逆nì。盖gài君jūn能néng顺shùn天tiān而ér效xiào之zhī,则zé民mín亦yì顺shùn君jūn而ér效xiào之zhī也yě。二èr帝dì、三sān王wáng之zhī诰gào命mìng,未wèi尝cháng不bù称chēng天tiān者zhě,所suǒ谓wèi“于yú帝dì其qí训xùn”也yě,此cǐ人rén之zhī所suǒ以yǐ化huà其qí上shàng也yě。及jí至zhì后hòu世shì,矫jiǎo诬wū上shàng天tiān以yǐ布bù命mìng于yú下xià,而ér欲yù人rén之zhī弗fú叛pàn也yě,不bú亦yì难nán乎hū?
“三sān德dé,一yì曰yuē正zhèng直zhí,二èr曰yuē刚gāng克kè,三sān曰yuē柔róu克kè”,何hé也yě?直zhí而ér不bú正zhèng者zhě有yǒu矣yǐ,以yǐ正zhèng正zhèng直zhí,乃nǎi所suǒ谓wèi正zhèng也yě;曲qǔ而ér不bù直zhí者zhě有yǒu矣yǐ,以yǐ直zhí正zhèng曲qǔ,乃nǎi所suǒ谓wèi直zhí也yě。正zhèng直zhí也yě者zhě,变biàn通tōng以yǐ趣qù时shí,而ér未wèi离lí刚gāng柔róu之zhī中zhōng者zhě也yě。刚gāng克kè也yě者zhě,刚gāng胜shèng柔róu者zhě也yě;柔róu克kè也yě者zhě,柔róu胜shèng刚gāng者zhě也yě。
“平píng康kāng正zhèng直zhí,强qiáng弗fú友yǒu刚gāng克kè,燮xiè友yǒu柔róu克kè”,何hé也yě?燮xiè者zhě,和hé孰shú上shàng之zhī所suǒ为wèi者zhě也yě;友yǒu者zhě,右yòu助zhù上shàng之zhī所suǒ为wèi者zhě也yě;强qiáng者zhě,弗fú柔róu从cóng上shàng之zhī所suǒ为wèi者zhě也yě;弗fú友yǒu者zhě,弗fú右yòu助zhù上shàng之zhī所suǒ为wèi者zhě也yě。君jūn君jūn臣chén臣chén,适shì各gè当dāng分fēn,所suǒ谓wèi正zhèng直zhí也yě。若ruò承chéng之zhī者zhě,所suǒ谓wèi柔róu克kè也yě;若ruò威wēi之zhī者zhě,所suǒ谓wèi刚gāng克kè也yě。盖gài先xiān王wáng用yòng此cǐ三sān德dé,于yú一yì颦pín一yí笑xiào,未wèi尝cháng或huò失shī,况kuàng以yǐ大dà施shī于yú庆qìng赏shǎng刑xíng威wēi之zhī际jì哉zāi!故gù能néng为wèi之zhī其qí未wèi有yǒu也yě,治zhì之zhī其qí未wèi乱luàn也yě。
“沉chén潜qián刚gāng克kè,高gāo明míng柔róu克kè”,何hé也yě?言yán人rén君jūn之zhī用yòng刚gāng克kè也yě,沉chén潜qián之zhī于yú内nèi;其qí用yòng柔róu克kè也yě,发fā见jiàn之zhī于yú外wài。其qí用yòng柔róu克kè也yě,抗kàng之zhī以yǐ高gāo明míng;其qí用yòng刚gāng克kè也yě,养yǎng之zhī以yǐ卑bēi晦huì。沉chén潜qián之zhī于yú内nèi,所suǒ以yǐ制zhì奸jiān慝tè;发fā见jiàn之zhī于yú外wài,所suǒ以yǐ昭zhāo忠zhōng善shàn。抗kàng之zhī以yǐ高gāo明míng,则zé虽suī柔róu过guò而ér不bú废fèi;养yǎng之zhī以yǐ卑bēi晦huì,则zé虽suī刚gāng过guò而ér不bù折zhé。《易yì》曰yuē:“道dào有yǒu变biàn动dòng,故gù曰yuē爻yáo;爻yáo有yǒu等děng,故gù曰yuē物wù;物wù相xiāng杂zá,故gù曰yuē文wén;文wén不bù当dāng,故gù吉jí凶xiōng生shēng焉yān。”吉jí凶xiōng之zhī生shēng,岂qǐ在zài夫fū大dà哉zāi?盖gài或huò一yì颦pín一yí笑xiào之zhī间jiān而ér已yǐ。《洪hóng范fàn》之zhī言yán三sān德dé,与yǔ《舜shùn典diǎn》、《皋gāo陶táo谟mó》所suǒ序xù不bù同tóng,何hé也yě?《舜shùn典diǎn》所suǒ序xù以yǐ教jiào胄zhòu子zǐ,而ér《皋gāo陶táo谟mó》所suǒ序xù以yǐ知zhī人rén臣chén,故gù皆jiē先xiān柔róu而ér后hòu刚gāng;《洪hóng范fàn》所suǒ序xù,则zé人rén君jūn也yě,故gù独dú先xiān刚gāng而ér后hòu柔róu。至zhì于yú正zhèng直zhí,则zé《舜shùn典diǎn》、《洪hóng范fàn》皆jiē在zài刚gāng柔róu之zhī先xiān,而ér《皋gāo陶táo谟mó》乃nǎi独dú在zài刚gāng柔róu之zhī中zhōng者zhě,教jiào人rén、治zhì人rén,宜yí皆jiē以yǐ正zhèng直zhí为wèi先xiān,至zhì于yú序xù德dé之zhī品pǐn,则zé正zhèng直zhí者zhě中zhōng德dé也yě,固gù宜yí在zài柔róu刚gāng之zhī中zhōng也yě。
“惟wéi辟pì作zuò福fú、惟wéi辟pì作zuò威wēi、惟wéi辟pì玉yù食shí。臣chén无wú有yǒu作zuò福fú、作zuò威wēi、玉yù食shí。臣chén之zhī有yǒu作zuò福fú、作zuò威wēi、玉yù食shí,其qí害hài于yú而ér家jiā,凶xiōng于yú而ér国guó,人rén用yòng侧cè颇pō僻pì,民mín用yòng僭jiàn忒tè”,何hé也yě?执zhí常cháng以yǐ事shì君jūn者zhě,臣chén道dào也yě;执zhí权quán以yǐ御yù臣chén者zhě,君jūn道dào也yě。三sān德dé者zhě,君jūn道dào也yě。作zuò福fú,柔róu克kè之zhī事shì也yě;作zuò威wēi,刚gāng克kè之zhī事shì也yě。以yǐ其qí侔móu于yú神shén天tiān也yě,是shì故gù谓wèi之zhī福fú。作zuò福fú以yǐ怀huái之zhī,作zuò祸huò以yǐ威wēi之zhī,言yán作zuò福fú则zé知zhī威wēi之zhī为wèi祸huò,言yán作zuò威wēi则zé知zhī福fú之zhī为wèi怀huái也yě。皇huáng极jí者zhě,君jūn与yǔ臣chén民mín共gòng由yóu之zhī者zhě也yě。三sān德dé者zhě,君jūn之zhī所suǒ独dú任rèn而ér臣chén民mín不bù得dé僭jiàn焉yān者zhě也yě。有yǒu其qí权quán,必bì有yǒu礼lǐ以yǐ章zhāng其qí别bié,故gù惟wéi辟pì玉yù食shí也yě。礼lǐ所suǒ以yǐ定dìng其qí位wèi,权quán所suǒ以yǐ固gù其qí政zhèng,下xià僭jiàn礼lǐ则zé上shàng失shī位wèi,下xià侵qīn权quán则zé上shàng失shī政zhèng,上shàng失shī位wèi则zé亦yì失shī政zhèng矣yǐ。上shàng失shī位wèi失shī政zhèng,人rén所suǒ以yǐ乱luàn也yě。故gù臣chén之zhī有yǒu作zuò福fú、作zuò威wēi、玉yù食shí,其qí害hài于yú而ér家jiā,凶xiōng于yú而ér国guó,人rén用yòng侧cè颇pō僻pì,民mín用yòng僭jiàn忒tè也yě。侧cè颇pō僻pì者zhě,臣chén有yǒu作zuò福fú、作zuò威wēi之zhī效xiào也yě;僭jiàn忒tè者zhě,臣chén有yǒu玉yù食shí之zhī效xiào也yě。民mín侧cè颇pō僻pì也yě易yì,而ér其qí僭jiàn忒tè也yě难nán。民mín僭jiàn忒tè,则zé人rén可kě知zhī也yě;人rén侧cè颇pō僻pì,则zé民mín可kě知zhī也yě。其qí曰yuē“庶shù民mín有yǒu淫yín朋péng,人rén有yǒu比bǐ德dé”,亦yì若ruò此cǐ而ér已yǐ矣yǐ。于yú淫yín朋péng曰yuē庶shù民mín,于yú僭jiàn忒tè曰yuē民mín而ér已yǐ,何hé也yě?僭jiàn忒tè者zhě,民mín或huò有yǒu焉yān,而ér非fēi众zhòng之zhī所suǒ能néng也yě。天tiān子zǐ、皇huáng、王wáng、辟pì,皆jiē君jūn也yě,或huò曰yuē天tiān子zǐ,或huò曰yuē皇huáng,或huò曰yuē王wáng,或huò曰yuē辟pì,何hé也yě?皇huáng极jí于yú帝dì其qí训xùn者zhě,所suǒ以yǐ继jì天tiān而ér顺shùn之zhī,故gù称chēng天tiān子zǐ;建jiàn有yǒu极jí者zhě道dào,故gù称chēng皇huáng;好hào恶wù者zhě德dé,故gù称chēng王wáng;福fú威wēi者zhě政zhèng,故gù称chēng辟pì。道dào所suǒ以yǐ成chéng德dé,德dé所suǒ以yǐ立lì政zhèng,故gù言yán政zhèng于yú三sān德dé而ér称chēng辟pì也yě。建jiàn有yǒu极jí者zhě道dào,故gù称chēng皇huáng,则zé其qí曰yuē“天tiān子zǐ作zuò民mín父fù母mǔ,以yǐ为wéi天tiān下xià王wáng”,何hé也yě?吾wú所suǒ建jiàn者zhě道dào,而ér民mín所suǒ知zhī者zhě德dé而ér已yǐ矣yǐ。
“七qī稽jī疑yí,择zé建jiàn立lì卜bǔ筮shì人rén,乃nǎi命mìng卜bǔ筮shì,曰yuē雨yǔ,曰yuē霁jì,曰yuē蒙méng,曰yuē驿yì,曰yuē克kè,曰yuē贞zhēn,曰yuē悔huǐ。凡fán七qī,卜bǔ五wǔ,占zhàn用yòng二èr,衍yǎn忒tè”,何hé也yě?言yán有yǒu所suǒ择zé,有yǒu所suǒ建jiàn,则zé立lì卜bǔ筮shì人rén,卜bǔ筮shì凡fán七qī,而ér其qí为wèi卜bǔ者zhě五wǔ,则zé其qí为wèi筮shì者zhě二èr可kě知zhī也yě。先xiān卜bǔ而ér后hòu筮shì,则zé筮shì之zhī为wèi正zhèng悔huǐ亦yì可kě知zhī也yě。衍yǎn者zhě,吉jí之zhī谓wèi也yě;忒tè者zhě,凶xiōng之zhī谓wèi也yě。吉jí言yán衍yǎn,则zé凶xiōng之zhī为wèi耗hào可kě知zhī也yě;凶xiōng言yán忒tè,则zé吉jí之zhī为wèi当dāng亦yì可kě知zhī也yě。此cǐ言yán之zhī法fǎ也yě,盖gài自zì始shǐ造zào书shū,则zé固gù如rú此cǐ矣yǐ。福fú之zhī所suǒ以yǐ为wéi福fú者zhě,于yú文wén从cóng,则zé衍yǎn之zhī谓wèi也yě;祸huò所suǒ以yǐ为wéi祸huò者zhě,于yú文wén从cóng呙guō,呙guō则zé忒tè之zhī谓wèi也yě。盖gài忒tè也yě、当dāng也yě,言yán乎hū其qí位wèi;衍yǎn也yě、耗hào也yě,言yán乎hū其qí数shù。夫fū物wù有yǒu吉jí凶xiōng,以yǐ其qí位wèi与yǔ数shù而ér已yǐ。六liù五wǔ得dé位wèi矣yǐ,其qí为wèi九jiǔ四sì所suǒ难nán者zhě,数shù不bù足zú故gù也yě;九jiǔ四sì得dé数shù矣yǐ,其qí为wèi六liù五wǔ所suǒ制zhì者zhě,位wèi不bù当dāng故gù也yě。数shù衍yǎn而ér位wèi当dāng者zhě吉jí,数shù耗hào而ér位wèi忒tè者zhě凶xiōng,此cǐ天tiān地dì之zhī道dào、阴yīn阳yáng之zhī义yì,君jūn子zǐ小xiǎo人rén之zhī所suǒ以yǐ相xiāng为wèi消xiāo长cháng,中zhōng国guó夷yí狄dí之zhī所suǒ以yǐ相xiāng为wèi强qiáng弱ruò。《易yì》曰yuē:“人rén谋móu鬼guǐ谋móu,百bǎi姓xìng与yǔ能néng。”盖gài圣shèng人rén君jūn子zǐ以yǐ察chá存cún亡wáng,以yǐ御yù治zhì乱luàn,必bì先xiān通tōng乎hū此cǐ,不bù通tōng乎hū此cǐ而ér为wèi百bǎi姓xìng之zhī所suǒ与yǔ者zhě,盖gài寡guǎ矣yǐ。
“立lì时shí人rén作zuò卜bǔ筮shì,三sān人rén占zhàn,则zé从cóng二èr人rén之zhī言yán”,何hé也yě?卜bǔ筮shì者zhě,质zhì诸zhū鬼guǐ神shén,其qí从cóng与yǔ违wéi为wéi难nán知zhī,故gù其qí占zhàn也yě,从cóng众zhòng而ér已yǐ也yě。
“汝rǔ则zé有yǒu大dà疑yí,谋móu及jí乃nǎi心xīn,谋móu及jí卿qīng士shì,谋móu及jí庶shù民mín,谋móu及jí卜bǔ筮shì”,何hé也yě?言yán人rén君jūn有yǒu大dà疑yí,则zé当dāng谋móu之zhī于yú己jǐ,己jǐ不bù足zú以yǐ决jué,然rán后hòu谋móu之zhī于yú卿qīng士shì,又yòu不bù足zú以yǐ决jué,然rán后hòu谋móu之zhī于yú庶shù民mín,又yòu不bù足zú以yǐ决jué,然rán后hòu谋móu之zhī于yú鬼guǐ神shén。鬼guǐ神shén,尤yóu人rén君jūn之zhī所suǒ钦qīn也yě,然rán而ér谋móu之zhī反fǎn在zài乎hū卿qīng士shì、庶shù民mín之zhī后hòu者zhě,吾wú之zhī所suǒ疑yí而ér谋móu者zhě,人rén事shì也yě,必bì先xiān尽jìn之zhī人rén,然rán后hòu及jí鬼guǐ神shén焉yān,固gù其qí理lǐ也yě。圣shèng人rén以yǐ鬼guǐ神shén为wéi难nán知zhī,而ér卜bǔ筮shì如rú此cǐ其qí可kě信xìn者zhě,《易yì》曰yuē:“成chéng天tiān下xià之zhī者zhě,莫mò大dà乎hū蓍shī龟guī。”唯wéi其qí诚chéng之zhī不bú至zhì而ér已yǐ矣yǐ,用yòng其qí至zhì诚chéng,则zé鬼guǐ神shén其qí有yǒu不bú应yìng而ér龟guī筮shì其qí有yǒu不bú告gào乎hū?
“汝rǔ则zé从cóng,龟guī从cóng,筮shì从cóng,卿qīng士shì从cóng,庶shù民mín从cóng,是shì之zhī谓wèi大dà同tóng,身shēn其qí康kāng强qiáng,子zǐ孙sūn其qí逢féng吉jí”,何hé也yě?将jiāng有yǒu作zuò也yě,心xīn从cóng之zhī,而ér人rén神shén之zhī所suǒ弗fú异yì,则zé有yǒu余yú庆qìng矣yǐ,故gù谓wèi之zhī大dà同tóng,而ér子zǐ孙sūn其qí逢féng吉jí也yě。
“汝rǔ则zé从cóng,龟guī从cóng,筮shì从cóng,卿qīng士shì逆nì,庶shù民mín逆nì,吉jí。卿qīng士shì从cóng,龟guī从cóng,筮shì从cóng,汝rǔ则zé逆nì,庶shù民mín逆nì,吉jí。庶shù民mín从cóng,龟guī从cóng,筮shì从cóng,汝rǔ则zé逆nì,卿qīng士shì逆nì,吉jí”,何hé也yě?吾wú之zhī所suǒ谋móu者zhě疑yí也yě,可kě以yǐ作zuò,可kě以yǐ无wú作zuò,然rán后hòu谓wèi之zhī疑yí。疑yí而ér从cóng者zhě众zhòng,则zé作zuò而ér吉jí也yě。“汝rǔ则zé从cóng,龟guī从cóng,筮shì逆nì,卿qīng士shì逆nì,庶shù民mín逆nì,作zuò内nèi吉jí,作zuò外wài凶xiōng”,何hé也yě?尊zūn者zhě从cóng,卑bēi者zhě逆nì,故gù逆nì者zhě虽suī众zhòng,以yǐ作zuò内nèi,犹yóu吉jí也yě。
“龟guī筮shì共gòng违wéi于yú人rén,用yòng静jìng吉jí,用yòng作zuò凶xiōng”,何hé也yě?所suǒ以yǐ谋móu之zhī心xīn谋móu之zhī人rén者zhě尽jìn矣yǐ,然rán犹yóu不bù免miǎn于yú疑yí,则zé谋móu及jí于yú龟guī筮shì,故gù龟guī筮shì之zhī所suǒ共gòng违wéi,不bù可kě以yǐ有yǒu作zuò也yě。
“庶shù征zhēng,曰yuē雨yǔ,曰yuē,曰yuē燠yù,曰yuē寒hán,曰yuē风fēng,曰yuē时shí”者zhě,何hé也yě?曰yuē雨yǔ,曰yuē,曰yuē燠yù,曰yuē寒hán,曰yuē风fēng者zhě,自zì“肃sù时shí雨yǔ若ruò”以yǐ下xià是shì也yě;曰yuē时shí者zhě,自zì“王wáng省shěng惟wéi岁suì”以yǐ下xià是shì也yě。“五wǔ者zhě来lái备bèi,各gè以yǐ其qí叙xù,庶shù草cǎo蕃fān庑wǔ”,何hé也yě?阴yīn阳yáng和hé,则zé万wàn物wù尽jìn其qí性xìng、极jí其qí材cái。言yán庶shù草cǎo者zhě,以yǐ为wéi物wù之zhī尤yóu微wēi而ér莫mò养yǎng,又yòu不bù知zhī自zì养yǎng也yě,而ér犹yóu蕃fān庑wǔ,则zé万wàn物wù得dé其qí性xìng,皆jiē可kě知zhī也yě。“一yì极jí备bèi凶xiōng,一yì极jí无wú凶xiōng”,何hé也yě?雨yǔ极jí备bèi则zé为wèi常cháng雨yǔ,极jí备bèi则zé为wèi常cháng,风fēng极jí备bèi则zé为wèi常cháng风fēng,燠yù极jí无wú则zé为wèi常cháng寒hán,寒hán极jí无wú则zé为wèi常cháng燠yù,此cǐ饥jī馑jǐn疾jí疠lì之zhī所suǒ由yóu作zuò也yě,故gù曰yuē凶xiōng。“曰yuē休xiū征zhēng:曰yuē肃sù时shí雨yǔ若ruò,曰yuē时shí若ruò,曰yuē哲zhé时shí燠yù若ruò,曰yuē谋móu时shí寒hán若ruò,曰yuē圣shèng时shí风fēng若ruò。曰yuē咎jiù征zhēng:曰yuē狂kuáng恒héng雨yǔ若ruò,曰yuē僭jiàn恒héng若ruò,曰yuē豫yù恒héng燠yù若ruò,曰yuē急jí恒héng寒hán若ruò,曰yuē蒙méng恒héng风fēng若ruò”,何hé也yě?言yán人rén君jūn之zhī有yǒu五wǔ事shì,犹yóu天tiān之zhī有yǒu五wǔ物wù也yě。天tiān之zhī有yǒu五wǔ物wù,一yì极jí备bèi凶xiōng,一yì极jí无wú亦yì凶xiōng,其qí施shī之zhī小xiǎo大dà缓huǎn急jí无wú常cháng,其qí所suǒ以yǐ成chéng物wù者zhě,要yào之zhī适shì而ér已yǐ。人rén之zhī有yǒu五wǔ事shì,一yì极jí备bèi凶xiōng,一yì极jí无wú亦yì凶xiōng,施shī之zhī小xiǎo大dà缓huǎn急jí亦yì无wú常cháng,其qí所suǒ以yǐ成chéng民mín者zhě,亦yì要yào之zhī适shì而ér已yǐ。故gù雨yǔ、、燠yù、寒hán、风fēng者zhě,五wǔ事shì之zhī证zhèng也yě。降jiàng而ér万wàn物wù悦yuè者zhě,肃sù也yě,故gù若ruò时shí雨yǔ然rán;升shēng而ér万wàn物wù理lǐ者zhě,也yě,故gù若ruò时shí然rán;哲zhé者zhě,阳yáng也yě,故gù若ruò时shí燠yù然rán;谋móu者zhě,阴yīn也yě,故gù若ruò时shí寒hán然rán;睿ruì其qí思sī,心xīn无wú所suǒ不bù通tōng,以yǐ济jì四sì事shì之zhī善shàn者zhě,圣shèng也yě,故gù若ruò时shí风fēng然rán。狂kuáng则zé荡dàng,故gù常cháng雨yǔ若ruò;僭jiàn则zé亢kàng,故gù常cháng若ruò;豫yù则zé解jiě缓huǎn,故gù常cháng燠yù若ruò;急jí则zé缩suō栗lì,故gù常cháng寒hán若ruò;冥míng其qí思sī,心xīn无wú所suǒ不bú入rù,以yǐ济jì四sì事shì之zhī恶è者zhě,蒙méng,故gù常cháng风fēng若ruò也yě。
孔kǒng子zǐ曰yuē:“见jiàn贤xián思sī齐qí,见jiàn不bù贤xián而ér内nèi自zì省xǐng也yě。”君jūn子zǐ之zhī于yú人rén也yě,固gù常cháng思sī齐qí其qí贤xián,而ér以yǐ其qí不bú肖xiào为wèi戒jiè,况kuàng天tiān者zhě固gù人rén君jūn之zhī所suǒ当dāng法fǎ象xiàng也yě,则zé质zhì诸zhū彼bǐ以yǐ验yàn此cǐ,固gù其qí宜yí也yě。然rán则zé世shì之zhī言yán灾zāi异yì者zhě,非fēi乎hū?曰yuē:人rén君jūn固gù辅fǔ相xiāng天tiān地dì以yǐ理lǐ万wàn物wù者zhě也yě,天tiān地dì万wàn物wù不bù得dé其qí常cháng,则zé恐kǒng惧jù修xiū省shěng,固gù亦yì其qí宜yí也yě。今jīn或huò以yǐ为wéi天tiān有yǒu是shì变biàn,必bì由yóu我wǒ有yǒu是shì罪zuì以yǐ致zhì之zhī;或huò以yǐ为wéi灾zāi异yì自zì天tiān事shì耳ěr,何hé豫yù于yú我wǒ,我wǒ知zhī修xiū人rén事shì而ér已yǐ。盖gài由yóu前qián之zhī说shuō,则zé蔽bì而ér葸xǐ;由yóu后hòu之zhī说shuō,则zé固gù而ér怠dài。不bú蔽bì不bù葸xǐ,不bú固gù不bú怠dài者zhě,亦yì以yǐ天tiān变biàn为wèi已yǐ惧jù,不bù曰yuē天tiān之zhī有yǒu某mǒu变biàn,必bì以yǐ我wǒ为wèi某mǒu事shì而ér至zhì也yě,亦yì以yǐ天tiān下xià之zhī正zhèng理lǐ考kǎo吾wú之zhī失shī而ér已yǐ矣yǐ,此cǐ亦yì“念niàn用yòng庶shù证zhèng”之zhī意yì也yě。
“王wáng省shěng惟wéi岁suì,卿qīng士shì惟wéi月yuè,师shī尹yǐn惟wéi日rì”,何hé也yě?言yán自zì王wáng至zhì于yú师shī尹yǐn,犹yóu岁suì、月yuè、日rì三sān者zhě相xiāng系xì属shǔ也yě。岁suì、月yuè、日rì有yǒu常cháng而ér不bù可kě变biàn,所suǒ总zǒng大dà者zhě亦yì不bù可kě以yǐ侵qīn小xiǎo,所suǒ治zhì少shǎo者zhě亦yì不bù可kě以yǐ僭jiàn多duō。自zì王wáng至zhì于yú师shī尹yǐn,三sān者zhě亦yì相xiāng系xì属shǔ,有yǒu常cháng而ér不bù可kě变biàn,所suǒ总zǒng大dà者zhě亦yì不bù可kě以yǐ侵qīn小xiǎo,所suǒ治zhì少shǎo者zhě亦yì不bù可kě以yǐ僭jiàn多duō。故gù岁suì、月yuè、日rì者zhě,王wáng及jí卿qīng士shì、师shī尹yǐn之zhī证zhèng也yě。“岁suì、月yuè、日rì时shí无wú易yì,百bǎi谷gǔ用yòng成chéng,用yòng明míng,俊jùn民mín用yòng章zhāng,家jiā用yòng平píng康kāng。日rì月yuè岁suì时shí既jì易yì,百bǎi谷gǔ用yòng不bù成chéng,用yòng昏hūn不bù明míng,俊jùn民mín用yòng微wēi,家jiā用yòng不bù宁níng”,何hé也yě?既jì以yǐ岁suì、月yuè、日rì三sān者zhě之zhī时shí为wèi王wáng及jí卿qīng士shì、师shī尹yǐn之zhī证zhèng也yě,而ér王wáng及jí卿qīng士shì、师shī尹yǐn之zhī职zhí,亦yì皆jiē协xié之zhī岁suì、月yuè、日rì时shí之zhī纪jì焉yān,故gù岁suì有yǒu会huì,月yuè有yǒu要yào,日rì有yǒu成chéng。大dà者zhě省shěng其qí大dà而ér略lüè,小xiǎo者zhě治zhì其qí小xiǎo而ér详xiáng,其qí小xiǎo大dà、详xiáng略lüè得dé其qí序xù,则zé功gōng用yòng兴xīng,而ér分fēn职zhí治zhì矣yǐ,故gù百bǎi谷gǔ用yòng成chéng,用yòng明míng,俊jùn民mín用yòng章zhāng,家jiā用yòng平píng康kāng。小xiǎo大dà、详xiáng略lüè失shī其qí序xù,则zé功gōng用yòng无wú所suǒ程chéng,分fēn职zhí无wú所suǒ考kǎo,故gù百bǎi谷gǔ用yòng不bù成chéng,用yòng昏hūn不bù明míng,俊jùn民mín用yòng微wēi,家jiā用yòng不bù宁níng也yě。“庶shù民mín惟wéi星xīng,星xīng有yǒu好hǎo风fēng,星xīng有yǒu好hǎo雨yǔ”,何hé也yě?言yán星xīng之zhī好hǎo不bù一yī,犹yóu庶shù民mín之zhī欲yù不bù同tóng。星xīng之zhī好hǎo不bù一yī,待dài月yuè而ér后hòu得dé其qí所suǒ好hǎo,而ér月yuè不bù能néng违wéi也yě,庶shù民mín之zhī欲yù不bù同tóng,待dài卿qīng士shì而ér后hòu得dé其qí所suǒ欲yù,而ér卿qīng士shì亦yì不bù能néng违wéi也yě,故gù星xīng者zhě,庶shù民mín之zhī证zhèng也yě。“日rì月yuè之zhī行xíng,则zé有yǒu冬dōng有yǒu夏xià”,何hé也yě?言yán岁suì之zhī所suǒ以yǐ为wéi岁suì,以yǐ日rì月yuè之zhī有yǒu行xíng,而ér岁suì无wú为wéi也yě,犹yóu王wáng之zhī所suǒ以yǐ为wéi王wáng,亦yì以yǐ卿qīng士shì、师shī尹yǐn之zhī有yǒu行xíng,而ér王wáng无wú为wéi也yě。春chūn秋qiū者zhě,阴yīn阳yáng之zhī中zhōng;冬dōng夏xià者zhě,阴yīn阳yáng之zhī正zhèng。阴yīn阳yáng各gè致zhì其qí正zhèng,而ér后hòu岁suì成chéng。有yǒu冬dōng、有yǒu夏xià者zhě,言yán岁suì之zhī成chéng也yě。“月yuè之zhī从cóng星xīng,则zé以yǐ风fēng雨yǔ”,何hé也yě?言yán月yuè之zhī好hào恶wù不bú自zì用yòng而ér从cóng星xīng,则zé风fēng雨yǔ作zuò而ér岁suì功gōng成chéng,犹yóu卿qīng士shì之zhī好hào恶wù不bú自zì用yòng而ér从cóng民mín,则zé治zhì教jiào政zhèng令lìng行xíng而ér王wáng事shì立lì矣yǐ。《书shū》曰yuē:“天tiān听tīng自zì我wǒ民mín听tīng,天tiān视shì自zì我wǒ民mín视shì。”夫fū民mín也yě,天tiān之zhī所suǒ不bù能néng违wéi也yě,而ér况kuàng于yú王wáng乎hū,况kuàng于yú卿qīng士shì乎hū?
“五wǔ福fú,一yì曰yuē寿shòu,二èr曰yuē富fù,三sān曰yuē康kāng宁níng,四sì曰yuē攸yōu好hǎo德dé,五wǔ曰yuē考kǎo终zhōng命mìng”,何hé也yě?人rén之zhī始shǐ生shēng也yě,莫mò不bù有yǒu寿shòu之zhī道dào焉yān,得dé其qí常cháng性xìng则zé寿shòu矣yǐ,故gù一yì曰yuē寿shòu。少shǎo长cháng而ér有yǒu为wèi也yě,莫mò不bù有yǒu富fù之zhī道dào焉yān,得dé其qí常cháng产chǎn则zé富fù矣yǐ,故gù二èr曰yuē富fù。得dé其qí常cháng性xìng,又yòu得dé其qí常cháng产chǎn,而ér继jì之zhī以yǐ毋wú扰rǎo,则zé康kāng宁níng矣yǐ,故gù三sān曰yuē康kāng宁níng也yě。夫fū人rén君jūn使shǐ人rén得dé其qí常cháng性xìng,又yòu得dé其qí常cháng产chǎn,而ér继jì之zhī以yǐ毋wú扰rǎo,则zé人rén好hǎo德dé矣yǐ,故gù四sì曰yuē攸yōu好hǎo德dé。好hǎo德dé则zé能néng以yǐ令lìng终zhōng,故gù五wǔ曰yuē考kǎo终zhōng命mìng。“六liù极jí,一yì曰yuē凶xiōng短duǎn折zhé,二èr曰yuē疾jí,三sān曰yuē忧yōu,四sì曰yuē贫pín,五wǔ曰yuē恶è,六liù曰yuē弱ruò”,何hé也yě?不bù考kǎo终zhōng命mìng谓wèi之zhī凶xiōng,早zǎo死sǐ谓wèi之zhī短duǎn,中zhōng绝jué谓wèi之zhī折zhé。祸huò莫mò大dà于yú凶xiōng、短duǎn、折zhé,疾jí次cì之zhī,忧yōu次cì之zhī,贫pín又yòu次cì之zhī,故gù一yì曰yuē凶xiōng短duǎn折zhé,二èr曰yuē疾jí,三sān曰yuē忧yōu,四sì曰yuē贫pín。凶xiōng者zhě,考kǎo终zhōng命mìng之zhī反fǎn也yě;短duǎn折zhé者zhě,寿shòu之zhī反fǎn也yě;疾jí忧yōu者zhě,康kāng宁níng之zhī反fǎn也yě;贫pín者zhě,富fù之zhī反fǎn也yě。此cǐ四sì极jí者zhě,使shǐ人rén畏wèi而ér欲yù其qí亡wáng,故gù先xiān言yán人rén之zhī所suǒ尤yóu畏wèi者zhě,而ér以yǐ犹yóu愈yù者zhě次cì之zhī。夫fū君jūn人rén者zhě,使shǐ人rén失shī其qí常cháng性xìng,又yòu失shī其qí常cháng产chǎn,而ér继jì之zhī以yǐ扰rǎo,则zé人rén不bù好hǎo德dé矣yǐ,故gù五wǔ曰yuē恶è,六liù曰yuē弱ruò。恶è者zhě,小xiǎo人rén之zhī刚gāng也yě;弱ruò者zhě,小xiǎo人rén之zhī柔róu也yě。九jiǔ畴chóu曰yuē初chū,曰yuē次cì,而ér五wǔ行háng、五wǔ事shì、八bā政zhèng、五wǔ纪jì、三sān德dé、五wǔ福fú、六liù极jí,特tè以yǐ一yī二èr数shù之zhī,何hé也yě?九jiǔ畴chóu以yǐ五wǔ行xíng为wéi初chū,而ér水shuǐ之zhī于yú五wǔ行háng,貌mào之zhī于yú五wǔ事shì,食shí之zhī于yú八bā政zhèng,岁suì之zhī于yú五wǔ纪jì,正zhèng直zhí之zhī于yú三sān德dé,寿shòu、凶xiōng短duǎn折zhé之zhī于yú五wǔ福fú、六liù极jí,不bù可kě以yǐ为wèi初chū故gù也yě。或huò曰yuē:“箕jī子zǐ之zhī所suǒ次cì,自zì五wǔ行háng至zhì于yú庶shù证zhèng,而ér今jīn独dú曰yuē自zì五wǔ事shì至zhì于yú庶shù证zhèng,各gè得dé其qí序xù,则zé五wǔ福fú之zhī所suǒ集jí,自zì五wǔ事shì至zhì于yú庶shù证zhèng,各gè爽shuǎng其qí序xù,则zé六liù极jí之zhī所suǒ集jí,何hé也yě?”曰yuē:人rén君jūn之zhī于yú五wǔ行háng也yě,以yǐ五wǔ事shì修xiū其qí性xìng,以yǐ八bā政zhèng用yòng其qí材cái,以yǐ五wǔ纪jì协xié其qí数shù,以yǐ皇huáng极jí建jiàn其qí常cháng,以yǐ三sān德dé治zhì其qí变biàn,以yǐ稽jī疑yí考kǎo其qí难nán知zhī,以yǐ庶shù证zhèng证zhèng其qí失shī得dé,自zì五wǔ事shì至zhì于yú庶shù证zhèng,各gè得dé其qí序xù,则zé五wǔ行háng固gù已yǐ得dé其qí序xù矣yǐ。或huò曰yuē:“世shì之zhī不bù好hǎo德dé而ér能néng以yǐ令lìng终zhōng,与yǔ好hǎo德dé而ér不bù得dé其qí死sǐ者zhě众zhòng矣yǐ。今jīn曰yuē好hǎo德dé则zé能néng以yǐ令lìng终zhōng,何hé也yě?”曰yuē:孔kǒng子zǐ以yǐ为wéi“人rén之zhī生shēng也yě直zhí,罔wǎng之zhī生shēng也yě幸xìng而ér免miǎn”。君jūn子zǐ之zhī于yú吉jí凶xiōng、祸huò福fú,道dào其qí常cháng而ér已yǐ,幸xìng而ér免miǎn与yǔ不bú幸xìng而ér及jí焉yān,盖gài不bú道dào也yě。或huò曰yuē:“孔kǒng子zǐ以yǐ为wéi富fù与yǔ贵guì人rén之zhī所suǒ欲yù,贫pín与yǔ贱jiàn人rén之zhī所suǒ恶è,而ér福fú极jí不bù言yán贵guì贱jiàn,何hé也yě?”曰yuē:五wǔ福fú者zhě,自zì天tiān子zǐ至zhì于yú庶shù人rén,皆jiē可kě使shǐ慕mù而ér欲yù其qí至zhì;六liù极jí者zhě,自zì天tiān子zǐ至zhì于yú庶shù人rén,皆jiē可kě使shǐ畏wèi而ér欲yù其qí亡wáng;若ruò夫fū贵guì贱jiàn,则zé有yǒu常cháng分fēn矣yǐ。使shǐ自zì公gōng侯hóu至zhì于yú庶shù人rén,皆jiē慕mù贵guì,欲yù其qí至zhì,而ér不bú欲yù贱jiàn之zhī在zài己jǐ,则zé陵líng犯fàn篡cuàn夺duó之zhī行xíng日rì起qǐ,而ér上shàng下xià莫mò安ān其qí命mìng矣yǐ。《诗shī》曰yuē:“肃sù肃sù宵xiāo征zhēng,抱bào衾qīn与yǔ,实shí命mìng不bù犹yóu。”盖gài王wáng者zhě之zhī世shì,使shǐ贱jiàn者zhě安ān其qí贱jiàn如rú此cǐ。夫fū岂qǐ使shǐ知zhī贵guì之zhī为wèi可kě慕mù而ér欲yù其qí至zhì,贱jiàn之zhī为wèi可kě畏wèi而ér欲yù其qí亡wáng乎hū?
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