人rén主zhǔ之zhī术shù,处chù无wú为wéi之zhī事shì,而ér行xíng不bù言yán之zhī教jiào。清qīng静jìng而ér不bú动dòng,一yí度dù而ér不bù摇yáo,因yīn循xún而ér任rèn下xià,责zé成chéng而ér不bù劳láo。是shì故gù心xīn知zhī规guī而ér师shī傅fu谕yù导dǎo,口kǒu能néng言yán而ér行xíng人rén称chēng辞cí,足zú能néng行xíng而ér相xiāng者zhě先xiān导dǎo,耳ěr能néng听tīng而ér执zhí正zhèng进jìn谏jiàn。是shì故gù虑lǜ无wú失shī策cè,谋móu无wú过guò事shì,言yán为wèi文wén章zhāng,行xíng为wéi仪yí表biǎo于yú天tiān下xià。进jìn退tuì应yìng时shí,动dòng静jìng循xún理lǐ,不bú为wèi丑chǒu美měi好hǎo憎zēng,不bú为wèi赏shǎng罚fá喜xǐ怒nù,名míng各gè自zì名míng,类lèi各gè自zì类lèi,事shì犹yóu自zì然rán,莫mò出chū于yú己jǐ。故gù古gǔ之zhī王wáng者zhě,冕miǎn而ér前qián旒liú所suǒ以yǐ蔽bì明míng也yě,纩kuàng塞sāi耳ěr所suǒ以yǐ掩yǎn聪cōng,天tiān子zǐ外wài屏píng所suǒ以yǐ自zì障zhàng。故gù所suǒ理lǐ者zhě远yuǎn,则zé所suǒ在zài者zhě迩ěr;所suǒ治zhì者zhě大dà,则zé所suǒ守shǒu者zhě小xiǎo。
夫fū目mù妄wàng视shì则zé淫yín,耳ěr妄wàng听tīng则zé惑huò,口kǒu妄wàng言yán则zé乱luàn。夫fū三sān关guān者zhě,不bù可kě不bú慎shèn守shǒu也yě。若ruò欲yù规guī之zhī,乃nǎi是shì离lí之zhī;若ruò欲yù饰shì之zhī,乃nǎi是shì贼zéi之zhī。天tiān气qì为wèi魂hún,地dì气qì为wèi魄pò,反fǎn之zhī玄xuán房fáng,各gè处chù其qí宅zhái,守shǒu而ér勿wù失shī,上shàng通tōng太tài一yī。太tài一yī之zhī精jīng,通tōng于yú天tiān道dào,天tiān道dào玄xuán默mò,无wú容róng无wú则zé,大dà不bù可kě极jí,深shēn不bù可kě测cè,尚shàng与yǔ人rén化huà,知zhī不bù能néng得dé。昔xī者zhě神shén农nóng之zhī治zhì天tiān下xià也yě,神shén不bù驰chí于yú胸xiōng中zhōng,智zhì不bù出chū于yú四sì域yù,怀huái其qí仁rén诚chéng之zhī心xīn。甘gān雨yǔ时shí降jiàng,五wǔ谷gǔ蕃fān植zhí,春chūn生shēng夏xià长cháng,秋qiū收shōu冬dōng藏cáng。月yuè省shěng时shí考kǎo,岁suì终zhōng献xiàn功gōng,以yǐ时shí尝cháng谷gǔ,祀sì于yú明míng堂táng。明míng堂táng之zhī制zhì,有yǒu盖gài而ér无wú四sì方fāng,风fēng雨yǔ不bù能néng袭xí,寒hán暑shǔ不bù能néng伤shāng,迁qiān延yán而ér入rù之zhī,养yǎng民mín以yǐ公gōng。其qí民mín朴pǔ重zhòng端duān悫què,不bù纷fēn争zhēng而ér财cái足zú,不bù劳láo形xíng而ér功gōng成chéng。因yīn天tiān地dì之zhī资zī而ér与yǔ之zhī和hé同tóng,是shì故gù威wēi厉lì而ér不bù杀shā,刑xíng错cuò而ér不bú用yòng,法fǎ省shěng而ér不bù烦fán。故gù其qí化huà如rú神shén。其qí地dì南nán至zhì交jiāo止zhǐ,北běi至zhì幽yōu都dōu,东dōng至zhì谷gǔ,西xī至zhì三sān危wēi,莫mò不bù听tīng从cóng。当dāng此cǐ之zhī时shí,法fǎ宽kuān刑xíng缓huǎn,囹líng圄yǔ空kōng虚xū,而ér天tiān下xià一yì俗sú,莫mò怀huái奸jiān心xīn。
末mò世shì之zhī政zhèng则zé不bù然rán。上shàng好hǎo取qǔ而ér无wú量liàng,下xià贪tān狼láng而ér无wú让ràng,民mín贫pín苦kǔ而ér仇chóu争zhēng,事shì力lì劳láo而ér无wú功gōng,智zhì诈zhà萌méng兴xīng,盗dào贼zéi滋zī彰zhāng,上shàng下xià相xiāng怨yuàn,号hào令lìng不bù行xíng。执zhí政zhèng有yǒu司sī,不bú务wù反fǎn道dào矫jiǎo拂fú其qí本běn,而ér事shì修xiū其qí末mò,削xiāo薄báo其qí德dé,曾céng累lèi其qí刑xíng,而ér欲yù以yǐ为wéi治zhì,无wú以yǐ异yì于yú执zhí弹tán而ér来lái鸟niǎo,捭bǎi而ér狎xiá犬quǎn也yě,乱luàn乃nǎi逾yú甚shèn。夫fū水shuǐ浊zhuó则zé鱼yú佥qiān,政zhèng苛kē则zé民mín乱luàn。故gù夫fū养yǎng虎hǔ豹bào犀xī象xiàng者zhě,为wèi之zhī圈quān槛kǎn,供gòng其qí嗜shì欲yù,适shì其qí饥jī饱bǎo,违wéi其qí怒nù恚huì。然rán而ér不bù能néng终zhōng其qí天tiān年nián者zhě,形xíng有yǒu所suǒ劫jié也yě。是shì以yǐ上shàng多duō故gù则zé下xià多duō诈zhà,上shàng多duō事shì则zé下xià多duō态tài,上shàng烦fán扰rǎo则zé下xià不bú定dìng,上shàng多duō求qiú则zé下xià交jiāo争zhēng。不bù直zhí之zhī于yú本běn,而ér事shì之zhī于yú末mò,璧bì犹yóu扬yáng果guǒ而ér弭mǐ尘chén,抱bào薪xīn以yǐ救jiù火huǒ也yě。故gù圣shèng人rén事shì省shěng而ér易yì治zhì,求qiú寡guǎ而ér易yì澹dàn,不bù施shī而ér仁rén,不bù言yán而ér信xìn,不bù求qiú而ér得dé,不bú为wèi而ér成chéng。块kuài然rán保bǎo真zhēn,抱bào德dé推tuī诚chéng,天tiān下xià从cóng之zhī,如rú响xiǎng之zhī应yìng声shēng,景jǐng之zhī像xiàng形xíng,其qí所suǒ修xiū者zhě本běn也yě。刑xíng罚fá不bù足zú以yǐ移yí风fēng,杀shā戮lù不bù足zú以yǐ禁jìn奸jiān,唯wéi神shén化huà为wéi贵guì。至zhì精jīng为wèi神shén。
夫fū疾jí呼hū不bú过guò闻wén百bǎi步bù,志zhì之zhī所suǒ在zài,逾yú于yú千qiān里lǐ。冬dōng日rì之zhī阳yáng,夏xià日rì之zhī阴yīn,万wàn物wù归guī之zhī,而ér莫mò使shǐ之zhī然rán。故gù至zhì精jīng之zhī像xiàng,弗fú招zhāo而ér自zì来lái,不bù麾huī而ér自zì住zhù,窈yǎo窈yǎo冥míng冥míng,不bù知zhī为wèi之zhī者zhě谁shuí,而ér功gōng自zì成chéng。智zhì者zhě弗fú能néng诵sòng,辩biàn者zhě弗fú能néng形xíng。昔xī孙sūn叔shū敖áo恬tián卧wò,而ér郢yǐng人rén无wú所suǒ害hài其qí锋fēng;市shì南nán宜yí辽liáo弄nòng丸wán,而ér两liǎng家jiā之zhī难nán无wú所suǒ关guān其qí辞cí。鞅yāng合hé铁tiě铠kǎi,目mù扼è?14,其qí于yú以yǐ御yù兵bīng刃rèn,县xiàn矣yǐ;券quàn契qì束shù帛bó,刑xíng罚fá斧fǔ钺yuè,其qí于yú以yǐ解jiě难nán,薄báo矣yǐ;待dài目mù而ér照zhào见jiàn,待dài言yán而ér使shǐ令lìng,其qí于yú为wèi治zhì,难nán矣yǐ。蘧qú伯bó玉yù为wèi相xiāng,子zǐ贡gòng往wǎng观guān之zhī,曰yuē:“何hé以yǐ治zhì国guó?”曰yuē:“以yǐ弗fú治zhì治zhì之zhī。”简jiǎn子zǐ欲yù伐fá卫wèi,使shǐ史shǐ黯àn往wǎng觌dí焉yān,还hái报bào曰yuē:“蘧qú伯bó玉yù为wèi相xiāng,未wèi可kě以yǐ加jiā兵bīng。”固gù塞sāi险xiǎn阻zǔ,何hé足zú以yǐ致zhì之zhī!故gù皋gāo陶táo而ér为wèi大dà理lǐ,天tiān下xià无wú虐nüè刑xíng,有yǒu贵guì于yú言yán者zhě也yě;师shī旷kuàng瞽gǔ而ér为wèi太tài宰zǎi,晋jìn无wú乱luàn政zhèng,有yǒu贵guì于yú见jiàn者zhě也yě。故gù不bù言yán之zhī令lìng,不bú视shì之zhī见jiàn,此cǐ伏fú牺xī、神shén农nóng之zhī所suǒ以yǐ为wéi师shī也yě。
故gù民mín之zhī化huà也yě,不bù从cóng其qí所suǒ言yán而ér从cóng所suǒ行xíng。故gù齐qí庄zhuāng公gōng好hǎo勇yǒng,不bù使shǐ斗dòu争zhēng,而ér国guó家jiā多duō难nán,其qí渐jiàn至zhì于yú崔cuī杼zhù之zhī乱luàn。顷qǐng襄xiāng好hǎo色sè,不bù使shǐ风fēng议yì,而ér民mín多duō昏hūn乱luàn,其qí积jī至zhì昭zhāo奇qí之zhī难nán。故gù至zhì精jīng之zhī所suǒ动dòng,若ruò春chūn气qì之zhī生shēng,秋qiū气qì之zhī杀shā也yě,虽suī驰chí传chuán鹜wù置zhì,不bú若ruò此cǐ其qí亟jí。故gù君jūn人rén者zhě,共gòng犹yóu射shè者zhě乎hū!于yú此cǐ豪háo末mò,于yú彼bǐ寻xún常cháng矣yǐ。故gù慎shèn所suǒ以yǐ感gǎn之zhī也yě。夫fū荣róng启qǐ期qī一yì弹tán,而ér孔kǒng子zǐ三sān日rì乐lè,感gǎn于yú和hé;邹zōu忌jì一yì徽huī,而ér威wēi王wáng终zhōng夕xī悲bēi,感gǎn于yú忧yōu。动dòng诸zhū琴qín瑟sè,形xíng诸zhū音yīn声shēng,而ér能néng使shǐ人rén为wéi之zhī哀āi乐yuè,县xiàn法fǎ设shè赏shǎng而ér不bù能néng移yí风fēng易yì俗sú者zhě,其qí诚chéng心xīn弗fú施shī也yě。宁níng戚qī商shāng歌gē车chē下xià,桓huán公gōng喟kuì然rán而ér寤wù。至zhì精jīng入rù人rén深shēn矣yǐ。故gù曰yuē:乐lè听tīng其qí音yīn,则zé知zhī其qí俗sú;见jiàn其qí俗sú,则zé知zhī其qí化huà。孔kǒng子zǐ学xué鼓gǔ琴qín于yú师shī襄xiāng,而ér谕yù文wén王wáng之zhī志zhì,见jiàn微wēi以yǐ知zhī明míng矣yǐ。延yán陵líng季jì子zǐ听tīng鲁lǔ乐lè,而ér知zhī殷yīn、夏xià之zhī风fēng,论lùn近jìn以yǐ识shí远yuǎn也yě。作zuò之zhī上shàng古gǔ,施shī及jí千qiān岁suì,而ér文wén不bú灭miè;况kuàng于yú并bìng世shì化huà民mín乎hū!汤tāng之zhī时shí,七qī年nián旱hàn,以yǐ身shēn祷dǎo于yú桑sāng林lín之zhī际jì,而ér四sì海hǎi之zhī云yún凑còu,千qiān里lǐ之zhī雨yǔ至zhì。抱bào质zhì效xiào诚chéng,感gǎn动dòng天tiān地dì,神shén谕yù方fāng外wài。令lìng行xíng禁jìn止zhǐ,岂qǐ足zú为wèi哉zāi!古gǔ圣shèng王wáng至zhì精jīng形xíng于yú内nèi,而ér好hǎo憎zēng忘wàng于yú外wài,出chū言yán以yǐ副fù情qíng,发fā号hào以yǐ明míng旨zhǐ,陈chén之zhī以yǐ礼lǐ乐yuè,风fēng之zhī以yǐ歌gē谣yáo,业yè贯guàn万wàn世shì而ér不bù壅yōng,横héng扃jiōng四sì方fāng而ér不bù穷qióng,禽qín兽shòu昆kūn虫chóng,与yǔ之zhī陶táo化huà,又yòu况kuàng于yú执zhí法fǎ施shī令lìng乎hū!
故gù太tài上shàng神shén化huà,其qí次cì使shǐ不bù得dé为wèi非fēi,其qí次cì赏shǎng贤xián而ér罚fá暴bào。衡héng之zhī于yú左zuǒ右yòu,无wú私sī轻qīng重zhòng,故gù可kě以yǐ为wéi平píng;绳shéng之zhī于yú内nèi外wài,无wú私sī曲qū直zhí,故gù可kě以yǐ为wéi正zhèng。人rén主zhǔ之zhī于yú用yòng法fǎ,无wú私sī好hǎo憎zēng,故gù可kě以yǐ为wéi命mìng。夫fū权quán轻qīng重zhòng不bú差chà?15首shǒu,扶fú拨bō枉wǎng桡ráo不bù失shī针zhēn锋fēng,直zhí施shī矫jiǎo邪xié不bù私sī辟pì险xiǎn。奸jiān不bù能néng枉wǎng,谗chán不bù能néng乱luàn,德dé无wú所suǒ立lì,怨yuàn无wú所suǒ藏cáng,是shì任rèn术shù而ér释shì人rén心xīn者zhě也yě。故gù为wèi治zhì者zhě不bù与yǔ焉yān。夫fū舟zhōu浮fú于yú水shuǐ,车chē转zhuǎn于yú陆lù,此cǐ势shì之zhī自zì然rán也yě。木mù击jī折zhé,水shuǐ戾lì破pò舟zhōu,不bú怨yuàn木mù石shí而ér罪zuì巧qiǎo拙zhuō者zhě,知zhī故gù不bù载zǎi焉yān。是shì故gù道dào有yǒu智zhì则zé惑huò,德dé有yǒu心xīn则zé险xiǎn,心xīn有yǒu目mù则zé眩xuàn。兵bīng莫mòよ于yú志zhì,而ér莫mò邪xié为wèi下xià;寇kòu莫mò大dà于yú阴yīn阳yáng,而érχ鼓gǔ为wèi小xiǎo。
今jīn夫fū权quán衡héng规guī矩jǔ,一yí定dìng而ér不bú易yì,不bú为wèi秦qín、楚chǔ变biàn节jié,不bú为wèi胡hú、越yuè改gǎi容róng,常cháng一yī而ér不bù邪xié,方fāng行xíng而ér不bù流liú,一yí日rì刑xíng之zhī,万wàn世shì传chuán之zhī,而ér以yǐ无wú为wéi为wèi之zhī,故gù国guó有yǒu亡wáng主zhǔ,而ér世shì无wú废fèi道dào;人rén有yǒu困kùn穷qióng,而ér理lǐ无wú不bù通tōng。由yóu此cǐ观guān之zhī,无wú为wéi者zhě,道dào之zhī宗zōng。故gù得dé道dào之zhī宗zōng,应yìng物wù无wú穷qióng,任rèn人rén之zhī才cái,难nán以yǐ至zhì治zhì。汤tāng、武wǔ,圣shèng主zhǔ也yě,而ér不bù能néng与yǔ越yuè人rén乘chéng干gān舟zhōu而ér浮fú于yú江jiāng湖hú;伊yī尹yǐn,贤xián相xiāng也yě,而ér不bù能néng与yǔ胡hú人rén骑qí原yuán马mǎ而ér服fú驹jū余yú;孔kǒng、墨mò博bó通tōng,而ér不bù能néng与yǔ山shān居jū者zhě入rù榛zhēn薄báo险xiǎn阻zǔ也yě。由yóu此cǐ观guān之zhī,则zé人rén知zhī之zhī于yú物wù也yě浅qiǎn矣yǐ,而ér欲yù以yǐ遍biàn照zhào海hǎi内nèi,存cún万wàn方fāng,不bù因yīn道dào之zhī数shù,而ér专zhuān己jǐ之zhī能néng,则zé其qí穷qióng不bù达dá矣yǐ。故gù智zhì不bù足zú以yǐ治zhì天tiān下xià也yě。桀jié之zhī力lì,制zhì<角jiǎo各gè>伸shēn钩gōu,索suǒ铁tiě歙xī金jīn,椎zhuī移yí大dà牺xī,水shuǐ杀shā鼋yuán鼍tuó,陆lù捕bǔ熊xióng罴pí;然rán汤tāng革gé车chē三sān百bǎi乘chéng,困kùn之zhī鸣míng条tiáo,擒qín之zhī焦jiāo门mén。由yóu此cǐ观guān之zhī,勇yǒng力lì不bù足zú以yǐ持chí天tiān下xià矣yǐ。智zhì不bù足zú以yǐ为wéi治zhì,勇yǒng不bù足zú以yǐ为wéi强qiáng,则zé人rén材cái不bù足zú任rèn,明míng也yě。而ér君jūn人rén者zhě不bú下xià庙miào堂táng之zhī上shàng,而ér知zhī四sì海hǎi之zhī外wài者zhě,因yīn物wù以yǐ识shí物wù,因yīn人rén以yǐ知zhī人rén也yě。故gù积jī力lì之zhī所suǒ举jǔ,则zé无wú不bú胜shèng也yě;众zhòng智zhì之zhī所suǒ为wèi,则zé无wú不bù成chéng也yě。陷xiàn井jǐng之zhī无wú鼋yuán鼍tuó,隘ài也yě;园yuán中zhōng之zhī无wú修xiū木mù,小xiǎo也yě。夫fū举jǔ重zhòng鼎dǐng者zhě,力lì少shǎo而ér不bù能néng胜shèng也yě,及jí至zhì其qí移yí徙xǐ之zhī,不bú待dài其qí多duō力lì者zhě。故gù千qiān人rén之zhī群qún无wú绝jué梁liáng,万wàn人rén之zhī聚jù无wú废fèi功gōng。
夫fū华huá骝liú、绿lǜ耳ěr,一yí日rì而ér至zhì千qiān里lǐ,然rán其qí使shǐ之zhī搏bó兔tù,不bù如rú豺chái狼láng,伎jì能néng殊shū也yě。鸱chī夜yè撮cuō蚤zǎo蚊wén,察chá分fēn秋qiū豪háo,昼zhòu日rì颠diān越yuè,不bù能néng见jiàn丘qiū山shān,形xíng性xìng诡guǐ也yě。夫fū蛇shé游yóu雾wù而ér动dòng,应yìng龙lóng乘chéng云yún而ér举jǔ,猿yuán得dé木mù而ér捷jié,鱼yú得dé水shuǐ而ér鹜wù。故gù古gǔ之zhī为wèi车chē也yě,漆qī者zhě不bú画huà,凿záo者zhě不bù斫zhuó,工gōng无wú二èr伎jì,士shì不bù兼jiān官guān,各gè守shǒu其qí职zhí,不bù得dé相xiāng奸jiān,人rén得dé其qí宜yí,物wù得dé其qí安ān。是shì以yǐ器qì械xiè不bù苦kǔ,而ér职zhí事shì不bù曼màn。夫fū责zé少shǎo者zhě易yì偿cháng,职zhí寡guǎ者zhě易yì守shǒu,任rèn轻qīng者zhě易yì权quán。上shàng操cāo约yuē省shěng之zhī分fēn,下xià效xiào易yì为wèi之zhī功gōng,是shì以yǐ君jūn臣chén弥mí久jiǔ而ér不bù相xiāng厌yàn。君jūn人rén之zhī道dào,其qí犹yóu零líng星xīng之zhī尸shī也yě,俨yǎn然rán玄xuán默mò,而ér吉jí祥xiáng受shòu福fú。是shì故gù得dé道dào者zhě不bú为wèi丑chǒu饰shì,不bú为wèi伪wěi善shàn,一yì人rén被bèi之zhī而ér不bú袤mào,万wàn人rén蒙méng之zhī而ér不bù褊biǎn。是shì故gù重zhòng为wèi惠huì,若ruò重zhòng为wèi暴bào,则zé治zhì道dào通tōng矣yǐ。为wèi惠huì者zhě,尚shàng布bù施shī也yě。无wú功gōng而ér厚hòu赏shǎng,无wú劳láo而ér高gāo爵jué,则zé守shǒu职zhí者zhě懈xiè于yú官guān,而ér游yóu居jū者zhě亟jí于yú进jìn矣yǐ。为wèi暴bào者zhě,妄wàng诛zhū也yě。无wú罪zuì者zhě而ér死sǐ亡wáng,行xíng直zhí而ér被bèi刑xíng,则zé修xiū身shēn者zhě不bú劝quàn善shàn,而ér为wèi邪xié者zhě轻qīng犯fàn上shàng矣yǐ。故gù为wèi惠huì者zhě生shēng奸jiān,而ér为wèi暴bào者zhě生shēng乱luàn。奸jiān乱luàn之zhī俗sú,亡wáng国guó之zhī风fēng。是shì故gù明míng主zhǔ之zhī治zhì,国guó有yǒu诛zhū者zhě而ér主zhǔ无wú怒nù焉yān,朝cháo有yǒu赏shǎng者zhě而ér君jūn无wú与yǔ焉yān。诛zhū者zhě不bú怨yuàn君jūn,罪zuì之zhī所suǒ当dāng也yě;赏shǎng者zhě不bù德dé上shàng,功gōng之zhī所suǒ致zhì也yě。民mín知zhī诛zhū赏shǎng之zhī来lái,皆jiē在zài于yú身shēn也yě。故gù务wù功gōng修xiū业yè,不bú受shòu赣gàn于yú君jūn。是shì故gù朝cháo廷tíng芜wú而ér无wú迹jì,田tián野yě辟pì而ér无wú草cǎo。故gù太tài上shàng,下xià知zhī有yǒu之zhī。桥qiáo直zhí植zhí立lì而ér不bú动dòng,俯fǔ仰yǎng取qǔ制zhì焉yān;人rén主zhǔ静jìng漠mò而ér不bú躁zào,百bǎi官guān得dé修xiū焉yān。譬pì而ér军jūn之zhī持chí麾huī者zhě,妄wàng指zhǐ则zé乱luàn矣yǐ。慧huì不bù足zú以yǐ大dà宁níng,智zhì不bù足zú以yǐ安ān危wēi,与yǔ其qí誉yù尧yáo而ér毁huǐ桀jié也yě,不bù如rú掩yǎn聪cōng明ming而ér反fǎn修xiū其qí道dào也yě。
清qīng静jìng无wú为wéi,则zé天tiān与yǔ之zhī时shí;廉lián俭jiǎn守shǒu节jié,则zé地dì生shēng之zhī财cái;处chù愚yú称chēng德dé,则zé圣shèng人rén为wéi之zhī谋móu。是shì故gù下xià者zhě万wàn物wù归guī之zhī,虚xū者zhě天tiān下xià遗yí之zhī。夫fū人rén主zhǔ之zhī听tīng治zhì也yě,清qīng明míng而ér不bú暗àn,虚xū心xīn而ér弱ruò志zhì。是shì故gù群qún臣chén辐fú凑còu并bìng进jìn,无wú愚yú智zhì贤xián不bú肖xiào,莫mò不bú尽jìn其qí能néng。于yú是shì乃nǎi始shǐ陈chén其qí礼lǐ,建jiàn以yǐ为wéi基jī。是shì乘chéng众zhòng势shì以yǐ为wéi车chē,御yù众zhòng智zhì以yǐ为wéi马mǎ。虽suī幽yōu野yě险xiǎn途tú,则zé无wú由yóu惑huò矣yǐ。
人rén主zhǔ深shēn居jū隐yǐn处chù以yǐ避bì燥zào湿shī,闺guī门mén重zhòng袭xí以yǐ避bì奸jiān贼zéi,内nèi不bù知zhī闾lǘ里lǐ之zhī情qíng,外wài不bù知zhī山shān泽zé之zhī形xíng,帷wéi幕mù之zhī外wài,目mù不bù能néng见jiàn十shí里lǐ之zhī前qián,耳ěr不bù能néng闻wén百bǎi步bù之zhī外wài;天tiān下xià之zhī物wù,无wú不bù通tōng者zhě,其qí灌guàn输shū之zhī者zhě大dà,而ér斟zhēn酌zhuó之zhī者zhě众zhòng也yě。是shì故gù不bù出chū户hù而ér知zhī天tiān下xià,不bù窥kuī牖yǒu而ér知zhī天tiān道dào,乘chéng众zhòng人rén之zhī智zhì,则zé天tiān下xià之zhī不bù足zú有yǒu也yě。专zhuān用yòng其qí心xīn,则zé独dú身shēn不bù能néng保bǎo也yě。是shì故gù人rén主zhǔ覆fù之zhī以yǐ德dé,不bù行xíng其qí智zhì,而ér因yīn万wàn人rén之zhī所suǒ利lì。夫fū举jǔ踵zhǒng天tiān下xià而ér得dé所suǒ利lì,故gù百bǎi姓xìng载zǎi之zhī上shàng,弗fú重zhòng也yě,错cuò之zhī前qián,弗fú害hài也yě,举jǔ之zhī而ér弗fú高gāo也yě,推tuī之zhī而ér弗fú厌yàn。
主zhǔ道dào员yuán者zhě,运yùn转zhuǎn而ér无wú端duān,化huà育yù如rú神shén,虚xū无wú因yīn循xún,常cháng后hòu而ér不bù先xiān也yě;臣chén道dào员yuán者zhě,运yùn转zhuǎn而ér无wú方fāng,论lùn是shì而ér处chù当dāng,为wèi事shì先xiān倡chàng,守shǒu职zhí分fēn明míng,以yǐ立lì成chéng功gōng也yě。是shì故gù君jūn臣chén异yì道dào则zé治zhì,同tóng道dào则zé乱luàn。各gè得dé其qí宜yí,处chù其qí当dāng,则zé上shàng下xià有yǒu以yǐ相xiāng使shǐ也yě。夫fū人rén主zhǔ之zhī听tīng治zhì也yě,虚xū心xīn而ér弱ruò志zhì,清qīng明míng而ér不bú暗àn。是shì故gù群qún臣chén辐fú凑còu并bìng进jìn,无wú愚yú智zhì贤xián不bú肖xiào,莫mò不bú尽jìn其qí能néng者zhě,则zé君jūn得dé所suǒ以yǐ制zhì臣chén,臣chén得dé所suǒ以yǐ事shì君jūn,治zhì国guó之zhī道dào明míng矣yǐ。文wén王wáng智zhì而ér好hǎo问wèn,故gù圣shèng;武wǔ王wáng勇yǒng而ér好hǎo问wèn,故gù胜shèng。夫fū乘chéng众zhòng人rén之zhī智zhì,则zé无wú不bú任rèn也yě;用yòng众zhòng人rén之zhī力lì,则zé无wú不bú胜shèng也yě。千qiān钧jūn之zhī重zhòng,乌wū获huò不bù能néng举jǔ也yě;众zhòng人rén相xiāng一yī,则zé百bǎi人rén有yǒu余yú力lì矣yǐ。是shì故gù任rèn一yì人rén之zhī力lì者zhě,则zé乌wū获huò不bù足zú恃shì;乘chéng众zhòng人rén之zhī制zhì者zhě,则zé天tiān下xià不bù足zú有yǒu也yě。
禹yǔ决jué江jiāng疏shū河hé,以yǐ为wéi天tiān下xià兴xīng利lì,而ér不bù能néng使shǐ水shuǐ西xī流liú;稷jì辟pì土tǔ垦kěn草cǎo,以yǐ为wéi百bǎi姓xìng力lì农nóng,然rán不bù能néng使shǐ禾hé冬dōng生shēng。岂qǐ其qí人rén事shì不bú至zhì哉zāi?其qí势shì不bù可kě也yě。夫fū推tuī而ér不bù可kě为wèi之zhī势shì,而ér不bù修xiū道dào理lǐ之zhī数shù,虽suī神shén圣shèng人rén不bù能néng以yǐ成chéng其qí功gōng,而ér况kuàng当dāng世shì之zhī主zhǔ乎hū!夫fū载zài重zhòng而ér马mǎ羸léi,虽suī造zào父fù不bù能néng以yǐ致zhì远yuǎn;车chē轻qīng马mǎ良liáng,虽suī中zhōng工gōng可kě使shǐ追zhuī速sù。是shì故gù圣shèng人rén举jǔ事shì也yě,岂qǐ能néng拂fú道dào理lǐ之zhī数shù,诡guǐ自zì然rán之zhī性xìng,以yǐ曲qǔ为wèi直zhí,以yǐ屈qū为wèi伸shēn哉zāi!未wèi尝cháng不bù因yīn其qí资zī而ér用yòng之zhī也yě。是shì以yǐ积jī力lì之zhī所suǒ举jǔ,无wú不bú胜shèng也yě,而ér众zhòng智zhì之zhī所suǒ为wèi,无wú不bù成chéng也yě。聋lóng者zhě可kě令lìng嚼jiáo筋jīn,而ér不bù可kě使shǐ有yǒu闻wén也yě;者zhě可kě使shǐ守shǒu圉yǔ,而ér不bù可kě使shǐ言yán也yě。形xíng有yǒu所suǒ不bù周zhōu,而ér能néng有yǒu所suǒ不bù容róng也yě。是shì故gù有yǒu一yì形xíng者zhě处chù一yí位wèi,有yǒu一yì能néng者zhě服fú一yí事shì。力lì胜shèng其qí任rèn,则zé举jǔ之zhī者zhě不bú重zhòng也yě;能néng称chēng其qí事shì,则zé为wèi之zhī者zhě不bù难nán也yě。毋wú小xiǎo大dà修xiū短duǎn,各gè得dé其qí宜yí,则zé天tiān下xià一yì齐qí,无wú以yǐ相xiāng过guò也yě。圣shèng人rén兼jiān而ér用yòng之zhī,故gù无wú弃qì才cái。人rén主zhǔ贵guì正zhèng而ér尚shàng忠zhōng,忠zhōng正zhèng在zài上shàng位wèi,执zhí正zhèng营yíng事shì,则zé谗chán佞nìng奸jiān邪xié无wú由yóu进jìn矣yǐ。譬pì犹yóu方fāng员yuán之zhī不bù相xiāng盖gài,而ér巨jù直zhí之zhī不bù相xiāng入rù。夫fū鸟niǎo兽shòu之zhī不bù可kě同tóng群qún者zhě,其qí类lèi异yì也yě;虎hǔ鹿lù之zhī不bù同tóng游yóu者zhě,力lì不bù敌dí也yě。是shì故gù圣shèng人rén得dé志zhì而ér在zài上shàng位wèi,谗chán佞nìng奸jiān邪xié而ér欲yù犯fàn主zhǔ者zhě,譬pì犹yóu雀què之zhī见jiàn,而ér鼠shǔ之zhī遇yù狸lí也yě,亦yì必bì无wú余yú命mìng也yě。
是shì故gù人rén主zhǔ之zhī一yī举jǔ也yě,不bù可kě不bú慎shèn也yě。所suǒ任rèn者zhě得dé其qí人rén,则zé国guó家jiā治zhì,上shàng下xià和hé,群qún臣chén亲qīn,百bǎi姓xìng附fù。所suǒ任rèn非fēi其qí人rén,则zé国guó家jiā危wēi,上shàng下xià乖guāi,群qún臣chén怨yuàn,百bǎi姓xìng乱luàn。故gù一yì举jǔ而ér不bù当dāng,终zhōng身shēn伤shāng。得dé失shī之zhī道dào,权quán要yào在zài主zhǔ。是shì绳shéng正zhèng于yú上shàng,木mù直zhí于yú下xià,非fēi有yǒu事shì焉yān,所suǒ缘yuán以yǐ修xiū者zhě然rán也yě。故gù人rén主zhǔ诚chéng正zhèng,则zé直zhí士shì任rèn事shì,而ér奸jiān人rén伏fú匿nì矣yǐ;人rén主zhǔ不bú正zhèng,则zé邪xié人rén得dé志zhì,忠zhōng者zhě隐yǐn蔽bì矣yǐ。夫fū人rén主zhǔ之zhī所suǒ以yǐ莫mò扌shǒu瓜guā玉yù石shí而ér扌shǒu瓜guā瓜guā瓠hù者zhě,何hé也yě?无wú得dé于yú玉yù石shí,弗fú犯fàn也yě。使shǐ人rén主zhǔ执zhí正zhèng持chí平píng,如rú从cóng绳shéng准zhǔn高gāo下xià,则zé群qún臣chén以yǐ邪xié来lái者zhě,犹yóu以yǐ卵luǎn投tóu石shí,以yǐ火huǒ投tóu水shuǐ。故gù灵líng王wáng好hǎo细xì要yào,而ér民mín有yǒu杀shā食shí自zì饥jī也yě;越yuè王wáng好hǎo勇yǒng,而ér民mín皆jiē处chù危wēi争zhēng死sǐ。由yóu此cǐ观guān之zhī,权quán势shì之zhī柄bǐng,其qí以yǐ移yí风fēng易yì俗sú矣yǐ。尧yáo为wèi匹pǐ夫fū,不bù能néng仁rén化huà一yì里lǐ,桀jié在zài上shàng位wèi,令lìng行xíng禁jìn止zhǐ。由yóu此cǐ观guān之zhī,贤xián不bù足zú以yǐ为wéi治zhì,而ér势shì可kě以yǐ易yì俗sú明míng矣yǐ。《书shū》曰yuē:“一yì人rén有yǒu庆qìng,万wàn民mín赖lài之zhī。”此cǐ之zhī谓wèi也yě。
天tiān下xià多duō眩xuàn于yú名míng声shēng,而ér寡guǎ察chá其qí实shí。是shì故gù处chù人rén以yǐ誉yù尊zūn,而ér游yóu者zhě以yǐ辩biàn显xiǎn,察chá其qí所suǒ尊zūn显xiǎn,无wú它tā故gù焉yān,人rén主zhǔ不bù明míng分fēn数shù利lì害hài之zhī地dì,而ér贤xián众zhòng口kǒu之zhī辩biàn也yě。治zhì国guó则zé不bù然rán,言yán事shì者zhě必bì究jiū于yú法fǎ,而ér为wèi行xíng者zhě必bì治zhì于yú官guān。上shàng操cāo其qí名míng以yǐ责zé其qí实shí,臣chén守shǒu其qí业yè以yǐ效xiào其qí功gōng,言yán不bù得dé过guò其qí实shí,行xíng不bù得dé逾yú其qí法fǎ。群qún臣chén辐fú凑còu,莫mò敢gǎn专zhuān君jūn。事shì不bú在zài法fǎ律lǜ中zhōng,而ér可kě以yǐ便biàn国guó佐zuǒ治zhì,必bì参cān五wǔ行háng之zhī,阴yīn考kǎo以yǐ观guān其qí归guī,并bìng用yòng周zhōu听tīng,以yǐ察chá其qí化huà。不bù偏piān一yì曲qǔ,不bù党dǎng一yí事shì。是shì以yǐ中zhōng立lì而ér遍biàn,运yùn照zhào海hǎi内nèi,群qún臣chén公gōng正zhèng,莫mò敢gǎn为wèi邪xié,百bǎi官guān述shù职zhí,务wù致zhì其qí公gōng迹jì也yě。主zhǔ精jīng明míng于yú上shàng,官guān劝quàn力lì于yú下xià,奸jiān邪xié灭miè迹jì,庶shù功gōng日rì进jìn,是shì以yǐ勇yǒng者zhě尽jìn于yú军jūn。乱luàn国guó则zé不bù然rán。有yǒu众zhòng咸xián誉yù者zhě无wú功gōng而ér赏shǎng,守shǒu职zhí者zhě无wú罪zuì而ér诛zhū。主zhǔ上shàng暗àn而ér不bù明míng,群qún臣chén党dǎng而ér不bù忠zhōng,说shuō谈tán者zhě游yóu于yú辩biàn,修xiū行xíng者zhě竞jìng于yú住zhù。主zhǔ上shàng出chū令lìng,则zé非fēi之zhī以yǐ与yǔ;法fǎ令lìng所suǒ禁jìn,则zé犯fàn之zhī以yǐ邪xié。为wèi智zhì者zhě务wù于yú巧qiǎo诈zhà,为wèi勇yǒng者zhě务wù于yú斗dòu争zhēng。大dà臣chén专zhuān权quán,下xià吏lì持chí势shì,朋péng党dǎng周zhōu比bǐ,以yǐ弄nòng其qí上shàng。国guó虽suī若ruò存cún,古gǔ之zhī人rén曰yuē亡wáng矣yǐ。且qiě夫fū不bú治zhì官guān职zhí,而ér被bèi甲jiǎ兵bīng,不bù随suí南nán亩mǔ而ér有yǒu贤xián圣shèng之zhī声shēng者zhě,非fēi所suǒ以yǐ教jiào于yú国guó也yě。骐qí骥jì耳ěr,天tiān下xià之zhī疾jí马mǎ也yě,驱qū之zhī不bù前qián,引yǐn之zhī不bù止zhǐ,虽suī愚yú者zhě不bù加jiā体tǐ焉yān。今jīn治zhì乱luàn之zhī机jī,辙zhé迹jì可kě见jiàn也yě,而ér世shì主zhǔ莫mò之zhī能néng察chá,此cǐ治zhì道dào之zhī所suǒ以yǐ塞sāi。权quán势shì者zhě,人rén主zhǔ之zhī车chē舆yú;爵jué禄lù者zhě,人rén臣chén之zhī辔pèi衔xián也yě。是shì故gù人rén主zhǔ处chù权quán势shì之zhī要yào,而ér持chí爵jué禄lù之zhī柄bǐng,审shěn缓huǎn急jí之zhī度dù,而ér适shì取qǔ予yǔ之zhī节jié。是shì以yǐ天tiān下xià尽jìn力lì而ér不bú倦juàn。
夫fū臣chén主zhǔ之zhī相xiāng与yǔ也yě,非fēi有yǒu父fù子zǐ之zhī厚hòu,骨gǔ肉ròu之zhī亲qīn也yě,而ér竭jié力lì殊shū死sǐ,不bù辞cí其qí躯qū者zhě,何hé也yě?势shì有yǒu使shǐ之zhī然rán也yě。昔xī者zhě豫yù让ràng,中zhōng行háng文wén子zǐ之zhī臣chén。智zhì伯bó伐fá中zhōng行xíng氏shì,并bìng吞tūn其qí地dì。豫yù让ràng背bèi其qí主zhǔ而ér臣chén智zhì伯bó。智zhì伯bó与yǔ赵zhào襄xiāng子zǐ战zhàn于yú晋jìn阳yáng之zhī下xià,身shēn死sǐ为wèi戮lù,国guó分fēn为wéi三sān。豫yù让ràng欲yù报bào赵zhào襄xiāng子zǐ,漆qī身shēn为wèi厉lì,吞tūn炭tàn变biàn音yīn,レ齿chǐ易yì貌mào。夫fū以yǐ一yì人rén之zhī心xīn而ér事shì两liǎng主zhǔ,或huò背bèi而ér去qù,或huò欲yù身shēn徇xùn之zhī,岂qǐ其qí趋qū舍shè厚hòu薄báo之zhī势shì异yì哉zāi?人rén之zhī恩ēn泽zé使shǐ之zhī然rán也yě。纣zhòu兼jiān天tiān下xià,朝cháo诸zhū侯hóu,人rén迹jì所suǒ及jí,舟zhōu楫jí所suǒ通tōng,莫mò不bù宾bīn服fú。然rán而ér武wǔ王wáng甲jiǎ卒zú三sān千qiān人rén,禽qín之zhī于yú牧mù野yě。岂qǐ周zhōu民mín死sǐ节jié,而ér殷yīn民mín背bèi叛pàn哉zāi?其qí主zhǔ之zhī义yì德dé厚hòu而ér号hào令lìng行xíng也yě。夫fū疾jí风fēng而ér波bō兴xīng,木mù茂mào而ér鸟niǎo集jí,相xiāng生shēng之zhī气qì也yě。是shì故gù臣chén不bù得dé其qí所suǒ欲yù于yú君jūn者zhě,君jūn亦yì不bù能néng得dé其qí所suǒ求qiú于yú臣chén也yě。君jūn臣chén之zhī施shī者zhě,相xiāng报bào之zhī势shì也yě。是shì故gù臣chén尽jìn力lì死sǐ节jié以yǐ与yǔ君jūn,君jūn计jì功gōng垂chuí爵jué以yǐ与yǔ臣chén。是shì故gù君jūn不bù能néng赏shǎng无wú功gōng之zhī臣chén,臣chén亦yì不bù能néng死sǐ无wú德dé之zhī君jūn。君jūn德dé不bú下xià流liú于yú民mín,而ér欲yù用yòng之zhī,如rú鞭biān蹄tí马mǎ矣yǐ。是shì犹yóu不bú待dài雨yǔ而ér熟shú稼jià,必bì不bú不bù可kě之zhī数shù也yě。
君jūn人rén之zhī道dào,处chù静jìng以yǐ修xiū身shēn,俭jiǎn约yuē以yǐ率lǜ下xià。静jìng则zé下xià不bù扰rǎo矣yǐ,俭jiǎn则zé民mín不bú怨yuàn矣yǐ;下xià扰rǎo则zé政zhèng乱luàn,民mín怨yuàn则zé德dé薄báo;政zhèng乱luàn则zé贤xián者zhě不bú为wèi谋móu,德dé薄báo则zé勇yǒng者zhě不bú为wèi死sǐ。是shì故gù人rén主zhǔ好hǎo鸷zhì鸟niǎo猛měng兽shòu,珍zhēn怪guài奇qí物wù,狡jiǎo躁zào康kāng荒huāng,不bú爱ài民mín力lì,驰chí骋chěng田tián猎liè,出chū入rù不bù时shí,如rú此cǐ,则zé百bǎi官guān务wù乱luàn,事shì勤qín财cái匮kuì,万wàn民mín悉xī苦kǔ,生shēng业yè不bù修xiū矣yǐ。人rén主zhǔ好hǎo高gāo台tái深shēn池chí,雕diāo琢zhuó刻kè镂lòu,黼fǔ黻fú文wén章zhāng,
绮qǐ绣xiù,宝bǎo玩wán珠zhū玉yù;则zé赋fù敛liǎn无wú度dù,而ér万wàn民mín力lì竭jié矣yǐ。尧yáo之zhī有yǒu天tiān下xià也yě,非fēi贪tān万wàn民mín之zhī富fù而ér安ān人rén主zhǔ之zhī位wèi也yě,以yǐ为wéi百bǎi姓xìng力lì征zhēng,强qiáng凌líng弱ruò,众zhòng暴bào寡guǎ,于yú是shì尧yáo乃nǎi身shēn服fú节jié俭jiǎn之zhī行xíng,而ér明míng相xiāng爱ài之zhī仁rén,以yǐ和hé辑jí之zhī。是shì故gù茅máo茨cí不bù剪jiǎn,采cǎi椽chuán不bú断duàn,大dà路lù不bú画huà,越yuè席xí不bù缘yuán,大dà羹gēng不bù和hé,粢zī食shí不bù?16。巡xún狩shòu行xíng教jiào,勤qín劳láo天tiān下xià,周zhōu流liú五wǔ岳yuè。岂qǐ其qí奉fèng养yǎng不bù足zú乐lè哉zāi!举jǔ天tiān下xià而ér以yǐ为wéi社shè稷jì,非fēi有yǒu利lì焉yān。年nián衰shuāi志zhì悯mǐn,举jǔ天tiān下xià而ér传chuán之zhī舜shùn,犹yóu却què行xíng而ér脱tuō屣xǐ也yě。衰shuāi世shì则zé不bù然rán。一yí日rì而ér有yǒu天tiān下xià之zhī富fù,处chù人rén主zhǔ之zhī势shì,则zé竭jié百bǎi姓xìng之zhī力lì,以yǐ奉fèng耳ěr目mù之zhī欲yù,志zhì专zhuān在zài宫gōng室shì台tái榭xiè,陂bēi池chí苑yuàn囿yòu,猛měng兽shòu熊xióng罴pí,玩wán好hǎo珍zhēn怪guài。是shì故gù贫pín民mín糟zāo糠kāng不bù接jiē于yú口kǒu,而ér虎hǔ狼láng熊xióng罴pí厌yàn刍chú豢huàn;百bǎi姓xìng短duǎn褐hè不bù完wán,而ér宫gōng室shì衣yī锦jǐn绣xiù。人rén主zhǔ急jí兹zī无wú用yòng之zhī功gōng,百bǎi姓xìng黎lí民mín,憔qiáo悴cuì于yú天tiān下xià。是shì故gù使shǐ天tiān下xià不bù安ān其qí性xìng。
人rén主zhǔ之zhī居jū也yě,如rú日rì月yuè之zhī明míng也yě。天tiān下xià之zhī所suǒ同tóng侧cè目mù而ér视shì,侧cè耳ěr而ér听tīng,延yán颈jǐng举jǔ踵zhǒng而ér望wàng也yě。是shì故gù非fēi澹dàn薄báo无wú以yǐ明míng德dé,非fēi宁níng静jìng无wú以yǐ致zhì远yuǎn,非fēi宽kuān大dà无wú以yǐ兼jiān覆fù,非fēi慈cí厚hòu无wú以yǐ怀huái众zhòng,非fēi平píng正zhèng无wú以yǐ制zhì断duàn。是shì故gù贤xián主zhǔ之zhī用yòng人rén也yě,犹yóu巧qiǎo工gōng之zhī制zhì木mù也yě,大dà者zhě以yǐ为wéi舟zhōu航háng柱zhù梁liáng,小xiǎo者zhě以yǐ为wéi楫jí楔xiē,修xiū者zhě以yǐ为wéi阎yán榱cuī,短duǎn者zhě以yǐ为wéi朱zhū儒rú开kāi栌lú。无wú小xiǎo大dà修xiū短duǎn,各gè得dé其qí所suǒ宜yí;规guī矩jǔ方fāng圆yuán,各gè有yǒu所suǒ施shī。天tiān下xià之zhī物wù,莫mò凶xiōng于yú鸡jī毒dú,然rán而ér良liáng医yī橐tuó而ér藏cáng之zhī,有yǒu所suǒ用yòng也yě。是shì故gù林lín莽mǎng之zhī材cái,犹yóu无wú可kě弃qì者zhě,而ér况kuàng人rén乎hū?今jīn夫fū朝cháo廷tíng之zhī所suǒ不bù举jǔ,乡xiāng曲qǔ之zhī所suǒ不bú誉yù,非fēi其qí人rén不bú肖xiào也yě,其qí所suǒ以yǐ官guān之zhī者zhě非fēi其qí职zhí也yě。鹿lù之zhī上shàng山shān,獐zhāng不bù能néng也yě,及jí其qí下xià,牧mù竖shù能néng追zhuī之zhī;才cái有yǒu所suǒ修xiū短duǎn也yě。是shì故gù有yǒu大dà略lüè者zhě,不bù可kě责zé以yǐ捷jié巧qiǎo;有yǒu小xiǎo智zhì者zhě,不bù可kě任rèn以yǐ大dà功gōng。人rén有yǒu其qí才cái,物wù有yǒu其qí形xíng,有yǒu任rèn一yī而ér太tài重zhòng,或huò任rèn百bǎi而ér尚shàng轻qīng。是shì故gù审shěn豪háo厘lí计jì者zhě,必bì遗yí天tiān下xià之zhī大dà数shù;不bù失shī小xiǎo物wù之zhī选xuǎn者zhě,惑huò于yú大dà数shù之zhī举jǔ。譬pì犹yóu狸lí之zhī不bù可kě使shǐ搏bó牛niú,虎hǔ之zhī不bù可kě使shǐ捕bǔ鼠shǔ也yě。今jīn人rén之zhī才cái,或huò欲yù平píng九jiǔ州zhōu,并bìng方fāng外wài,存cún危wēi国guó,继jì绝jué世shì,志zhì在zài直zhí道dào正zhèng邪xié,决jué烦fán理lǐ,而ér乃nǎi责zé之zhī以yǐ闺guī阁gé之zhī礼lǐ,奥ào之zhī间jiān;或huò佞nìng巧qiǎo小xiǎo具jù,谄chǎn进jìn愉yú说shuō,随suí乡xiāng曲qǔ之zhī俗sú,卑bēi下xià众zhòng人rén之zhī耳ěr目mù,而ér乃nǎi任rèn之zhī以yǐ天tiān下xià之zhī权quán,治zhì乱luàn之zhī机jī。是shì犹yóu以yǐ斧fǔ赞zàn刂dāo毛máo,以yǐ刀dāo伐fá木mù也yě,皆jiē失shī其qí宜yí矣yǐ。
人rén主zhǔ者zhě,以yǐ天tiān下xià之zhī目mù视shì,以yǐ天tiān下xià之zhī耳ěr听tīng,以yǐ天tiān下xià之zhī智zhì虑lǜ,以yǐ天tiān下xià之zhī力lì争zhēng。是shì故gù号hào令lìng能néng下xià究jiū,而ér臣chén情qíng得dé上shàng闻wén。百bǎi官guān修xiū同tóng,群qún君jūn辐fú凑còu,喜xǐ不bù以yǐ赏shǎng赐cì,怒nù不bù以yǐ罪zuì诛zhū。是shì故gù威wēi立lì而ér不bú废fèi,聪cōng明ming光guāng而ér不bú蔽bì,法fǎ令lìng察chá而ér不bù苛kē,耳ěr目mù达dá而ér不bú暗àn,善shàn否fǒu之zhī情qíng,日rì陈chén于yú前qián而ér无wú所suǒ逆nì。是shì故gù贤xián者zhě尽jìn其qí智zhì,而ér不bú肖xiào者zhě竭jié其qí力lì。德dé泽zé兼jiān覆fù而ér不bù偏piān,群qún臣chén劝quàn务wù而ér不bú怠dài,近jìn者zhě安ān其qí性xìng,远yuǎn者zhě怀huái其qí德dé。所suǒ以yǐ然rán者zhě,何hé也yě?得dé用yòng人rén之zhī道dào,而ér不bú任rèn己jǐ之zhī才cái者zhě也yě。故gù假jiǎ舆yú马mǎ者zhě,足zú不bù劳láo而ér致zhì千qiān里lǐ;乘chéng舟zhōu楫jí者zhě,不bù能néng游yóu而ér绝jué江jiāng海hǎi。夫fū人rén主zhǔ之zhī情qíng,莫mò不bú欲yù总zǒng海hǎi内nèi之zhī智zhì,尽jìn众zhòng人rén之zhī力lì,然rán而ér群qún臣chén志zhì达dá效xiào忠zhōng者zhě,希xī不bú困kùn其qí身shēn。使shǐ言yán之zhī而ér是shì,虽suī在zài褐hè夫fū刍chú荛ráo,犹yóu不bù可kě弃qì也yě;使shǐ言yán之zhī而ér非fēi也yě,虽suī在zài卿qīng相xiāng人rén君jūn,揄yú策cè于yú庙miào堂táng之zhī上shàng,未wèi必bì可kě用yòng。是shì非fēi之zhī所suǒ在zài,不bù可kě以yǐ贵guì贱jiàn尊zūn卑bēi论lùn也yě。是shì明míng主zhǔ之zhī听tīng于yú群qún臣chén,其qí计jì乃nǎi可kě用yòng,不bù羞xiū其qí位wèi;其qí言yán可kě行xíng,而ér不bù责zé其qí辩biàn。暗àn主zhǔ则zé不bù然rán。所suǒ爱ài习xí亲qīn近jìn者zhě,虽suī邪xié枉wǎng不bú正zhèng,不bù能néng见jiàn也yě;疏shū远yuǎn卑bēi贱jiàn者zhě,竭jié力lì尽jìn忠zhōng,不bù能néng知zhī也yě。有yǒu言yán者zhě穷qióng之zhī以yǐ辞cí,有yǒu谏jiàn者zhě诛zhū之zhī以yǐ罪zuì。如rú此cǐ而ér欲yù照zhào海hǎi内nèi,存cún万wàn方fāng,是shì犹yóu塞sāi耳ěr而ér听tīng清qīng浊zhuó,掩yǎn目mù而ér视shì青qīng黄huáng也yě,其qí离lí聪cōng明ming则zé亦yì远yuǎn矣yǐ!
法fǎ者zhě,天tiān下xià之zhī度dù量liàng,而ér人rén主zhǔ之zhī准zhǔn绳shéng也yě。县xiàn法fǎ者zhě,法fǎ不bu法fǎ也yě;设shè赏shǎng者zhě,赏shǎng当dāng赏shǎng也yě。法fǎ定dìng之zhī后hòu,中zhōng程chéng者zhě赏shǎng,缺quē绳shéng者zhě诛zhū。尊zūn贵guì者zhě不bù轻qīng其qí罚fá,而ér卑bēi贱jiàn者zhě不bú重zhòng其qí刑xíng,犯fàn法fǎ者zhě虽suī贤xián必bì诛zhū,中zhōng度dù者zhě虽suī不bú肖xiào必bì无wú罪zuì,是shì故gù公gōng道dào通tōng而ér私sī道dào塞sāi矣yǐ。古gǔ之zhī置zhì有yǒu司sī也yě,所suǒ以yǐ禁jìn民mín,使shǐ不bù得dé自zì恣zì也yě;其qí立lì君jūn也yě,所suǒ以yǐ刂dāo有yǒu司sī,使shǐ无wú专zhuān行xíng也yě;法fǎ籍jí礼lǐ仪yí者zhě,所suǒ以yǐ禁jìn君jūn,使shǐ无wú擅shàn断duàn也yě。人rén莫mò得dé自zì恣zì,则zé道dào胜shèng;道dào胜shèng而ér理lǐ达dá矣yǐ,故gù反fǎn于yú无wú为wéi。无wú为wéi者zhě,非fēi谓wèi其qí凝níng滞zhì而ér不bú动dòng也yě,以yǐ其qí言yán莫mò从cóng己jǐ出chū也yě。夫fū寸cùn生shēng于yú粟sù,々生shēng于yú日rì,日rì生shēng于yú形xíng,形xíng生shēng于yú景jǐng,此cǐ度dù之zhī本běn也yě。乐lè生shēng于yú音yīn,音yīn生shēng于yú律lǜ,律lǜ生shēng于yú风fēng,此cǐ声shēng之zhī宗zōng也yě。法fǎ生shēng于yú义yì,义yì生shēng于yú众zhòng适shì,众zhòng适shì合hé于yú人rén心xīn,此cǐ治zhì之zhī要yào也yě。故gù通tōng于yú本běn者zhě不bú乱luàn于yú末mò,睹dǔ于yú要yào者zhě不bú惑huò于yú详xiáng。法fǎ者zhě,非fēi天tiān堕duò,非fēi地dì生shēng,发fā于yú人rén间jiān,而ér反fǎn以yǐ自zì正zhèng。是shì故gù有yǒu诸zhū己jǐ不bù非fēi诸zhū人rén,无wú诸zhū己jǐ不bù求qiú诸zhū人rén。所suǒ立lì于yú下xià者zhě,不bú废fèi于yú上shàng;所suǒ禁jìn于yú民mín者zhě,不bù行xíng于yú身shēn。所suǒ谓wèi亡wáng国guó,非fēi无wú君jūn也yě,无wú法fǎ也yě。变biàn法fǎ者zhě,非fēi无wú法fǎ也yě,有yǒu法fǎ者zhě而ér不bú用yòng,与yǔ无wú法fǎ等děng。是shì故gù人rén主zhǔ之zhī立lì法fǎ,先xiān自zì为wèi检jiǎn式shì仪yí表biǎo,故gù令lìng行xíng于yú天tiān下xià。孔kǒng子zǐ曰yuē:“其qí身shēn正zhèng,不bú令lìng而ér行xíng;其qí身shēn不bú正zhèng,虽suī令lìng不bù从cóng。故gù禁jìn胜shèng于yú身shēn,则zé令lìng行xíng于yú民mín矣yǐ。
圣shèng主zhǔ之zhī治zhì也yě,其qí犹yóu造zào父fù之zhī御yù。齐qí辑jí之zhī于yú辔pèi衔xián之zhī际jì,而ér急jí缓huǎn之zhī于yú唇chún吻wěn之zhī和hé;正zhèng度dù于yú胸xiōng臆yì之zhī中zhōng,而ér执zhí节jié于yú掌zhǎng握wò之zhī间jiān;内nèi得dé于yú心xīn中zhōng,外wài合hé于yú马mǎ志zhì。是shì故gù能néng进jìn退tuì履lǚ绳shéng,而ér旋xuán曲qǔ中zhōng规guī;取qǔ道dào致zhì远yuǎn,而ér气qì力lì有yǒu余yú。诚chéng得dé其qí术shù也yě。是shì故gù权quán势shì者zhě,人rén主zhǔ之zhī车chē舆yú也yě;大dà臣chén者zhě,人rén主zhǔ之zhī驷sì马mǎ也yě。体tǐ离lí车chē舆yú之zhī安ān,而ér手shǒu失shī驷sì马mǎ之zhī心xīn,而ér能néng不bù危wēi者zhě,古gǔ今jīn未wèi有yǒu也yě。是shì故gù舆yú马mǎ不bù调tiáo,王wáng良liáng不bù足zú以yǐ取qǔ道dào;君jūn臣chén不bù和hé,唐táng、虞yú不bù能néng以yǐ为wéi治zhì。执zhí术shù而ér御yù之zhī,则zé管guǎn、晏yàn之zhī智zhì尽jìn矣yǐ;明míng分fēn以yǐ示shì之zhī,则zé庶shù、乔qiáo之zhī奸jiān止zhǐ矣yǐ。夫fū据jù除chú而ér窥kuī井jǐng底dǐ,虽suī达dá视shì犹yóu不bù能néng见jiàn其qí晴qíng,借jiè明míng于yú鉴jiàn以yǐ照zhào之zhī,则zé寸cùn分fēn可kě得dé而ér察chá也yě。是shì故gù明míng主zhǔ之zhī耳ěr目mù不bù劳láo,精jīng神shén不bù竭jié,物wù至zhì而ér观guān其qí象xiàng,事shì来lái而ér应yìng其qí化huà,近jìn者zhě不bú乱luàn,远yuǎn者zhě治zhì也yě。是shì故gù不bú用yòng适shì然rán之zhī数shù,而ér行xíng必bì然rán之zhī道dào,故gù万wàn举jǔ而ér无wú遗yí策cè矣yǐ。今jīn夫fū御yù者zhě,马mǎ体tǐ调tiáo于yú车chē,御yù心xīn和hé于yú马mǎ,则zé历lì险xiǎn致zhì远yuǎn,进jìn退tuì周zhōu游yóu,莫mò不bù如rú志zhì。虽suī有yǒu骐qí骥jì耳ěr之zhī良liáng,臧zāng获huò御yù之zhī,则zé马mǎ反fǎn自zì恣zì,而ér人rén弗fú能néng制zhì矣yǐ。故gù治zhì者zhě不bú贵guì其qí自zì是shì,而ér贵guì其qí不bù得dé为wèi非fēi也yě。故gù曰yuē:勿wù使shǐ可kě欲yù,毋wú曰yuē弗fú求qiú,勿wù使shǐ可kě夺duó,毋wú曰yuē不bù争zhēng。如rú此cǐ,则zé人rén材cái释shì而ér公gōng道dào行heng矣yǐ。美měi者zhě正zhèng于yú度dù,而ér不bù足zú者zhě建jiàn于yú用yòng,故gù海hǎi内nèi可kě一yī也yě。夫fū释shì职zhí事shì而ér听tīng非fēi誉yù,弃qì公gōng劳láo而ér用yòng朋péng党dǎng,则zé奇qí材cái佻tiāo长cháng而ér干gān次cì,守shǒu官guān者zhě雍yōng遏è而ér不bú进jìn。如rú此cǐ,则zé民mín俗sú乱luàn于yú国guó,而ér功gōng臣chén争zhēng于yú朝cháo。故gù法fǎ律lǜ度dù量liàng者zhě,人rén主zhǔ之zhī所suǒ以yǐ执zhí下xià,释shì之zhī而ér不bú用yòng,是shì犹yóu无wú辔pèi衔xián而ér驰chí也yě,群qún君jūn百bǎi姓xìng反fǎn弄nòng其qí上shàng。是shì故gù有yǒu术shù则zé制zhì人rén,无wú术shù则zé制zhì于yú人rén。吞tūn舟zhōu之zhī鱼yú,荡dàng而ér失shī水shuǐ,则zé制zhì于yú蝼lóu蚁yǐ,离lí其qí居jū也yě;猿yuán失shī木mù,而ér禽qín于yú狐hú狸li,非fēi其qí处chù也yě。君jūn人rén者zhě释shì所suǒ守shǒu而ér与yǔ臣chén下xià争zhēng,则zé有yǒu司sī以yǐ无wú为wèi持chí位wèi,守shǒu职zhí者zhě以yǐ从cóng君jūn取qǔ容róng。是shì以yǐ人rén臣chén藏cáng智zhì而ér弗fú用yòng,反fǎn以yǐ事shì转zhuǎn任rèn其qí上shàng矣yǐ。夫fū富fù贵guì者zhě之zhī于yú劳láo也yě,达dá事shì者zhě之zhī于yú察chá也yě,骄jiāo恣zì者zhě之zhī于yú恭gōng也yě,势shì不bù及jí君jūn;君jūn人rén者zhě不bú任rèn能néng而ér好hǎo自zì为wèi之zhī,则zé智zhì日rì困kùn而ér自zì负fù其qí责zé也yě。数shù穷qióng于yú下xià,则zé不bù能néng伸shēn理lǐ;行xíng堕duò于yú国guó,则zé不bù能néng专zhuān制zhì。智zhì不bù足zú以yǐ为wéi治zhì,威wēi不bù足zú以yǐ行xíng诛zhū,则zé无wú以yǐ与yǔ天tiān下xià交jiāo也yě。喜xǐ怒nù形xíng于yú心xīn者zhě,欲yù见jiàn于yú外wài,则zé守shǒu职zhí者zhě离lí正zhèng而ér阿ā上shàng,有yǒu司sī枉wǎng法fǎ而ér从cóng风fēng,赏shǎng不bù当dāng功gōng,诛zhū不bú应yìng罪zuì,上shàng下xià离lí心xīn,而ér君jūn臣chén相xiāng怨yuàn也yě。是shì以yǐ执zhí政zhèng阿ā主zhǔ,而ér有yǒu过guò则zé无wú以yǐ责zé之zhī。有yǒu罪zuì而ér不bù诛zhū,则zé百bǎi官guān烦fán乱luàn,智zhì弗fú能néng解jiě也yě;毁huǐ誉yù萌méng生shēng,而ér明míng不bù能néng照zhào也yě。不bú正zhèng本běn而ér反fǎn自zì然rán,则zé人rén主zhǔ逾yú劳láo,人rén臣chén逾yú逸yì,是shì犹yóu代dài庖páo宰zǎi剥bāo牲shēng,而ér为wèi大dà匠jiàng斫zhuó也yě。与yǔ马mǎ竞jìng走zǒu,筋jīn绝jué而ér弗fú能néng及jí,上shàng车chē执zhí辔pèi,则zé马mǎ?17于yú衡héng下xià。故gù伯bó乐lè相xiāng之zhī,王wáng良liáng御yù之zhī,明míng主zhǔ乘chéng之zhī,无wú御yù相xiāng之zhī劳láo而ér致zhì千qiān里lǐ者zhě,乘chéng于yú人rén资zī以yǐ为wéi羽yǔ翼yì也yě。是shì故gù君jūn人rén者zhě,无wú为wéi而ér有yǒu守shǒu也yě,有yǒu为wèi而ér无wú好hǎo也yě。有yǒu为wèi则zé谗chán生shēng,有yǒu好hǎo则zé谀yú起qǐ。昔xī者zhě齐qí桓huán公gōng好hǎo味wèi,而ér易yì牙yá烹pēng其qí首shǒu子zǐ而ér饵ěr之zhī;虞yú君jūn好hǎo宝bǎo,而ér晋jìn献xiàn以yǐ璧bì马mǎ钓diào之zhī;胡hú王wáng好hǎo音yīn,而ér秦qín穆mù公gōng以yǐ女nǚ乐lè诱yòu之zhī。是shì皆jiē以yǐ利lì见jiàn制zhì于yú人rén也yě。故gù善shàn建jiàn者zhě不bù拔bá。夫fū火huǒ热rè而ér水shuǐ灭miè之zhī,金jīn刚gāng而ér火huǒ销xiāo之zhī,木mù强qiáng而ér斧fǔ伐fá之zhī,水shuǐ流liú而ér土tǔ遏è之zhī,唯wéi造zào化huà者zhě,物wù莫mò能néng胜shèng也yě。故gù中zhōng欲yù不bù出chū谓wèi之zhī扃jiōng,外wài邪xié不bú入rù谓wèi之zhī塞sāi。中zhōng扃jiōng外wài闭bì,何hé事shì之zhī不bù节jié!外wài闭bì中zhōng扃jiōng,何hé事shì之zhī不bù成chéng?弗fú用yòng而ér后hòu能néng用yòng之zhī,弗fú为wèi而ér后hòu能néng为wèi之zhī。精jīng神shén劳láo则zé越yuè,耳ěr目mù淫yín则zé竭jié。故gù有yǒu道dào之zhī主zhǔ,灭miè想xiǎng去qù意yì,清qīng虚xū以yǐ待dài,不bù伐fá之zhī言yán,不bù夺duó之zhī事shì,循xún名míng责zé实shí,使shǐ有yǒu司sī,任rèn而ér弗fú诏zhào,责zé而ér弗fú教jiào,以yǐ不bù知zhī为wèi道dào,以yǐ奈nài何hé为wèi宝bǎo。如rú此cǐ,则zé百bǎi官guān之zhī事shì,各gè有yǒu所suǒ守shǒu矣yǐ。摄shè权quán势shì之zhī柄bǐng,其qí于yú化huà民mín易yì矣yǐ。卫wèi君jūn役yì子zǐ路lù,权quán重zhòng也yě;景jǐng、桓huán公gōng臣chén管guǎn晏yàn,位wèi尊zūn也yě。怯qiè服fú勇yǒng而ér愚yú制zhì智zhì,其qí所suǒ托tuō势shì者zhě胜shèng也yě。故gù枝zhī不bù得dé大dà于yú,末mò不bù强qiáng于yú本běn,则zé轻qīng重zhòng大dà小xiǎo,有yǒu以yǐ相xiāng制zhì也yě。若ruò五wǔ指zhǐ之zhī属shǔ于yú臂bì,搏bó援yuán攫jué捷jié,莫mò不bù如rú志zhì。言yán以yǐ小xiǎo属shǔ于yú大dà也yě。是shì故gù得dé势shì之zhī利lì者zhě,所suǒ持chí甚shèn小xiǎo,其qí存cún甚shèn大dà;所suǒ守shǒu甚shèn约yuē,所suǒ制zhì甚shèn广guǎng。是shì故gù十shí围wéi之zhī木mù,持chí千qiān钧jūn之zhī屋wū;五wǔ寸cùn之zhī键jiàn,制zhì开kāi阖hé之zhī门mén。岂qǐ其qí材cái之zhī巨jù小xiǎo足zú哉zāi?所suǒ居jū要yào也yě。孔kǒng丘qiū、墨mò翟zhái,修xiū先xiān圣shèng之zhī术shù,通tōng六liù艺yì之zhī论lùn,口kǒu道dào其qí言yán,身shēn行xíng其qí志zhì,慕mù义yì从cóng风fēng,而ér为wèi之zhī服fú役yì者zhě不bú过guò数shù十shí人rén。使shǐ居jū天tiān子zǐ之zhī位wèi,则zé天tiān下xià遍biàn为wèi儒rú、墨mò矣yǐ。楚chǔ庄zhuāng王wáng伤shāng文wén无wú畏wèi之zhī死sǐ于yú宋sòng也yě,奋fèn袂mèi而ér起qǐ,衣yī冠guān相xiāng连lián于yú道dào,遂suì成chéng军jūn宋sòng城chéng之zhī下xià,权quán重zhòng也yě。楚chǔ文wén王wáng好hǎo服fú獬xiè冠guān,楚chǔ国guó效xiào之zhī,赵zhào武wǔ灵líng王wáng贝bèi带dài寿shòu而ér朝cháo,赵zhào国guó化huà之zhī。使shǐ在zài匹pǐ夫fū布bù衣yī,虽suī冠guān獬xiè冠guān,带dài贝bèi带dài、寿shòu而ér朝cháo,则zé不bù免miǎn为wèi人rén笑xiào也yě。夫fū民mín之zhī好hǎo善shàn乐lè正zhèng,不bú待dài禁jìn诛zhū而ér自zì中zhōng法fǎ度dù者zhě,万wàn无wú一yī也yě。下xià必bì行xíng之zhī令lìng,从cóng之zhī者zhě利lì,逆nì之zhī者zhě凶xiōng,日rì阴yīn未wèi移yí,而ér海hǎi内nèi莫mò不bú被bèi绳shéng矣yǐ。故gù握wò剑jiàn锋fēng,以yǐ离lí北běi宫gōng子zǐ,司sī马mǎ蒯kuǎi蒉kuì不bù使shǐ应yìng敌dí;操cāo其qí觚gū,招zhāo其qí末mò,则zé庸yōng人rén能néng以yǐ制zhì胜shèng。今jīn使shǐ乌wū获huò、藉jiè蕃fān从cóng后hòu牵qiān牛niú尾wěi,尾wěi绝jué而ér不bù从cóng者zhě,逆nì也yě;若ruò指zhǐ之zhī桑sāng条tiáo以yǐ贯guàn其qí鼻bí,则zé五wǔ尺chǐ童tóng子zǐ,牵qiān而ér周zhōu四sì海hǎi者zhě,顺shùn也yě。夫fū七qī尺chǐ之zhī桡ráo而ér制zhì船chuán之zhī左zuǒ右yòu者zhě,以yǐ水shuǐ为wèi资zī;天tiān子zǐ发fā号hào,令lìng行xíng禁jìn止zhǐ,以yǐ众zhòng为wèi势shì也yě。夫fū防fáng民mín之zhī所suǒ害hài,开kāi民mín之zhī所suǒ利lì,威wēi行xíng也yě,若ruò发fā咸xián决jué唐táng。故gù循xún流liú而ér下xià易yì以yǐ至zhì,背bèi风fēng而ér驰chí易yì以yǐ远yuǎn。桓huán公gōng立lì政zhèng,去qù食shí肉ròu之zhī兽shòu,食shí粟sù之zhī鸟niǎo,系xì之zhī网wǎng,三sān举jǔ而ér百bǎi姓xìng说shuō。纣zhòu杀shā王wáng子zǐ比bǐ干gān而ér骨gǔ肉ròu怨yuàn,<昔xī斤jīn>朝cháo涉shè者zhě之zhī胫jìng而ér万wàn民mín叛pàn,再zài举jǔ而ér天tiān下xià失shī矣yǐ。故gù义yì者zhě,非fēi能néng遍biàn利lì天tiān下xià之zhī民mín也yě,利lì一yì人rén而ér天tiān下xià从cóng风fēng;暴bào者zhě,非fēi尽jìn害hài海hǎi内nèi之zhī众zhòng也yě,害hài一yì人rén而ér天tiān下xià离lí叛pàn。故gù桓huán公gōng三sān举jǔ而ér九jiǔ合hé诸zhū侯hóu,纣zhòu再zài举jǔ而ér不bù得dé为wèi匹pǐ夫fū。故gù举jǔ错cuò不bù可kě不bù审shěn。
人rén主zhǔ租zū敛liǎn于yú民mín也yě。必bì先xiān计jì岁suì收shōu,量liáng民mín积jī聚jù,知zhī饥jī馑jǐn有yǒu余yú不bù足zú之zhī数shù,然rán后hòu取qǔ车chē舆yú衣yī食shí供gòng养yǎng其qí欲yù。高gāo台tái层céng榭xiè,接jiē屋wū连lián阁gé,非fēi不bú丽lì也yě,然rán民mín有yǒu掘jué穴xué狭xiá庐lú所suǒ以yǐ托tuō身shēn者zhě,明míng主zhǔ弗fú乐lè也yě。肥féiΟ甘gān脆cuì,非fēi不bù美měi也yě,然rán民mín有yǒu糟zāo糠kāng菽shū粟sù不bù接jiē于yú口kǒu者zhě,则zé明míng主zhǔ弗fú甘gān也yě。匡kuāng床chuáng席xí,非fēi不bù宁níng也yě,然rán民mín有yǒu处chù边biān城chéng,犯fàn危wēi难nàn,泽zé死sǐ暴bào骸hái者zhě,明míng主zhǔ弗fú安ān也yě。故gù古gǔ之zhī君jūn人rén者zhě,其qí惨cǎn怛dá于yú民mín也yě。国guó有yǒu饥jī者zhě,食shí不bú重zhòng味wèi;民mín有yǒu寒hán者zhě,而ér冬dōng不bú被bèi裘qiú。岁suì登dēng民mín丰fēng,乃nǎi始shǐ县xiàn钟zhōng鼓gǔ,陈chén干gān戚qī,君jūn臣chén上shàng下xià,同tóng心xīn而ér乐lè之zhī,国guó无wú哀āi人rén。故gù古gǔ之zhī为wèi金jīn石shí管guǎn弦xián者zhě,所suǒ以yǐ宣xuān乐lè也yě;兵bīng革gé斧fǔ钺yuè者zhě,所suǒ以yǐ饰shì怒nù也yě;觞shāng酌zhuó俎zǔ豆dòu,酬chóu酢cù之zhī礼lǐ,所suǒ以yǐ效xiào善shàn也yě;衰shuāi菅jiān屦jù,辟pì踊yǒng哭kū泣qì,所suǒ以yǐ谕yù哀āi也yě。此cǐ皆jiē有yǒu充chōng于yú内nèi而ér成chéng像xiàng于yú外wài。及jí至zhì乱luàn主zhǔ,取qǔ民mín则zé不bù裁cái其qí力lì,求qiú于yú下xià则zé不bù量liáng其qí积jī,男nán女nǚ不bù得dé事shì耕gēng织zhī之zhī业yè,以yǐ供gòng上shàng之zhī求qiú,力lì勤qín财cái匮kuì,君jūn臣chén相xiāng疾jí也yě。故gù民mín至zhì于yú焦jiāo唇chún沸fèi肝gān,有yǒu今jīn无wú储chǔ,而ér乃nǎi始shǐ撞zhuàng大dà钟zhōng,击jī鸣míng鼓gǔ,吹chuī竽yú笙shēng,弹tán琴qín瑟sè,是shì犹yóu贯guàn甲jiǎ胄zhòu而ér入rù宗zōng庙miào,被bèi罗luó纨wán而ér从cóng军jūn旅lǚ,失shī乐lè之zhī所suǒ由yóu生shēng矣yǐ。夫fū民mín之zhī为wéi生shēng也yě,一yì人rén庶shù耒lěi而ér耕gēng,不bú过guò十shí亩mǔ,中zhōng田tián之zhī获huò,卒zú岁suì之zhī收shōu,不bú过guò亩mǔ四sì石shí,妻qī子zǐ老lǎo弱ruò,仰yǎng而ér食shí之zhī,时shí有yǒu涔cén旱hàn灾zāi害hài之zhī患huàn,无wú以yǐ给gěi上shàng之zhī征zhēng赋fù车chē马mǎ兵bīng革gé之zhī费fèi。由yóu此cǐ观guān之zhī,则zé人rén之zhī生shēng,悯mǐn矣yǐ!夫fū天tiān地dì之zhī大dà,计jì三sān年nián耕gēng而ér余yú一yì年nián之zhī食shí,率lǜ九jiǔ年nián而ér有yǒu三sān年nián之zhī畜chù,十shí八bā年nián而ér有yǒu六liù年nián之zhī积jī,二èr十shí七qī年nián而ér有yǒu九jiǔ年nián之zhī储chǔ,虽suī涔cén旱hàn灾zāi害hài之zhī殃yāng,民mín莫mò困kùn穷qióng流liú亡wáng也yě。故gù国guó无wú九jiǔ年nián之zhī畜chù,谓wèi之zhī不bù足zú;无wú六liù年nián之zhī积jī,谓wèi之zhī悯mǐn急jí;无wú三sān年nián之zhī畜chù,谓wèi之zhī穷qióng乏fá。故gù有yǒu仁rén君jūn明míng王wáng,其qí取qǔ下xià有yǒu节jié,自zì养yǎng有yǒu度dù,则zé得dé承chéng受shòu于yú天tiān地dì,而ér不bù离lí饥jī寒hán之zhī患huàn矣yǐ。若ruò贪tān主zhǔ暴bào君jūn,挠náo于yú其qí下xià,侵qīn渔yú其qí民mín,以yǐ适shì无wú穷qióng之zhī欲yù,则zé百bǎi姓xìng无wú以yǐ被bèi天tiān和hé而ér履lǚ地dì德dé矣yǐ。
食shí者zhě,民mín之zhī本běn也yě;民mín者zhě,国guó之zhī本běn也yě;国guó者zhě,君jūn之zhī本běn也yě。是shì故gù人rén君jūn者zhě,上shàng因yīn天tiān时shí,下xià尽jìn地dì财cái,中zhōng用yòng人rén力lì,是shì以yǐ群qún生shēng遂suì长cháng,五wǔ谷gǔ蕃fān殖zhí,教jiào民mín养yǎng育yù六liù畜chù,以yǐ时shí种zhòng树shù,务wù修xiū田tián畴chóu,滋zī植zhí桑sāng麻má,肥féi尧yáo高gāo下xià,各gè因yīn其qí宜yí,丘qiū陵líng阪bǎn险xiǎn不bù生shēng五wǔ谷gǔ者zhě,以yǐ树shù竹zhú木mù。春chūn伐fá枯kū槁gǎo,夏xià取qǔ果guǒ,秋qiū畜chù疏shū食shí,冬dōng伐fá薪xīn蒸zhēng,以yǐ为wéi民mín资zī。是shì故gù生shēng无wú乏fá用yòng,死sǐ无wú转zhuǎn尸shī。故gù先xiān王wáng之zhī法fǎ,畋tián不bù掩yǎn群qún,不bù取qǔは夭yāo。不bù涸hé泽zé而ér渔yú,不bù焚fén林lín而ér猎liè。豺chái未wèi祭jì兽shòu,{孚fú}不bù得dé布bù于yú野yě;獭tǎ未wèi祭jì鱼yú,网wǎng罟gǔ不bù得dé入rù于yú水shuǐ;鹰yīng隼sǔn未wèi挚zhì,罗luó网wǎng不bù得dé张zhāng于yú溪xī谷gǔ;草cǎo木mù未wèi落luò,斤jīn斧fǔ不bù得dé入rù山shān林lín;昆kūn虫chóng未wèi蛰zhé,不bù得dé以yǐ火huǒ烧shāo田tián。孕yùn育yù不bù得dé杀shā,?18卵luǎn不bù得dé探tàn,鱼yú不bù长cháng尺chǐ不bù得dé取qǔ,彘zhì不bù期qī年nián不bù得dé食shí。是shì故gù草cǎo木mù之zhī发fā若ruò蒸zhēng气qì,禽qín兽shòu之zhī归guī若ruò流liú泉quán,飞fēi鸟niǎo之zhī归guī若ruò烟yān云yún,有yǒu所suǒ以yǐ致zhì之zhī也yě。故gù先xiān王wáng之zhī政zhèng,四sì海hǎi之zhī云yún至zhì,而ér修xiū封fēng疆jiāng;虾há蟆má鸣míng燕yàn降jiàng,而ér达dá路lù除chú道dào;阴yīn降jiàng百bǎi泉quán,则zé修xiū桥qiáo梁liáng;张zhāng中zhōng,则zé务wù种zhǒng谷gǔ;大dà火huǒ中zhōng,则zé种zhǒng黍shǔ菽shū;虚xū中zhōng,则zé种zhǒng宿sù麦mài;昴mǎo中zhōng,则zé收shōu敛liǎn畜chù积jī,伐fá薪xīn木mù。上shàng告gào于yú天tiān,下xià布bù之zhī民mín。先xiān王wáng之zhī所suǒ以yǐ应yìng时shí修xiū备bèi,富fù国guó利lì民mín,实shí旷kuàng来lái远yuǎn者zhě,其qí道dào备bèi矣yǐ。非fēi能néng目mù见jiàn而ér足zú行xíng之zhī也yě,欲yù利lì之zhī也yě。欲yù利lì之zhī也yě,不bú忘wàng于yú心xīn,则zé官guān自zì备bèi矣yǐ。心xīn之zhī于yú九jiǔ窍qiào四sì支zhī也yě,不bù能néng一yí事shì焉yān。然rán而ér动dòng静jìng听tīng视shì皆jiē以yǐ为wéi主zhǔ者zhě,不bú忘wàng于yú欲yù利lì之zhī也yě。故gù尧yáo为wèi善shàn而ér众zhòng善shàn至zhì矣yǐ,桀jié为wèi非fēi而ér众zhòng非fēi来lái矣yǐ。善shàn积jī则zé功gōng成chéng,非fēi积jī则zé祸huò极jí。
凡fán人rén之zhī论lùn,心xīn欲yù小xiǎo而ér志zhì欲yù大dà,智zhì欲yù员yuán而ér行xíng欲yù方fāng,能néng欲yù多duō而ér事shì欲yù鲜xiān。所suǒ以yǐ心xīn欲yù小xiǎo者zhě,虑lǜ患huàn未wèi生shēng,备bèi祸huò未wèi发fā,戒jiè过guò慎shèn微wēi,不bù敢gǎn纵zòng其qí欲yù也yě;志zhì欲yù大dà者zhě,兼jiān包bāo万wàn国guó,一yì齐qí殊shū俗sú,并bìng覆fù百bǎi姓xìng,若ruò合hé一yī族zú,是shì非fēi辐fú凑còu而ér为wèi之zhī毂gū;智zhì欲yù员yuán者zhě,环huán复fù转zhuǎn运yùn,终zhōng始shǐ无wú端duān,旁páng流liú四sì达dá,渊yuān泉quán而ér不bù竭jié,万wàn物wù并bìng兴xīng,莫mò不bù响xiǎng应yìng也yě;行xíng欲yù方fāng者zhě,直zhí立lì而ér不bù挠náo,素sù白bái而ér不bù污wū,穷qióng不bú易yì操cāo,通tōng不bú肆sì志zhì;能néng欲yù多duō者zhě,文wén武wǔ备bèi具jù,动dòng静jìng中zhōng仪yí,举jǔ动dòng废fèi置zhì,曲qǔ得dé其qí宜yí,无wú所suǒ击jī戾lì,无wú不bú毕bì宜yí也yě;事shì欲yù鲜xiān者zhě,执zhí柄bǐng持chí术shù,得dé要yào以yǐ应yìng众zhòng,执zhí约yuē以yǐ治zhì广guǎng,处chù静jìng持chí中zhōng,运yùn于yú璇xuán枢shū,以yǐ一yì合hé万wàn,若ruò合hé符fú者zhě也yě。故gù心xīn小xiǎo者zhě,禁jìn于yú微wēi也yě;志zhì大dà者zhě,无wú不bù怀huái也yě;智zhì员yuán者zhě,无wú不bù知zhī也yě;行xíng方fāng者zhě,有yǒu不bú为wèi也yě;能néng多duō者zhě,无wú不bú治zhì也yě;事shì鲜xiān者zhě,约yuē所suǒ持chí也yě。
古gǔ者zhě天tiān子zǐ听tīng朝cháo,公gōng卿qīng正zhèng谏jiàn,博bó士shì诵sòng诗shī,瞽gǔ箴zhēn师shī诵sòng,庶shù人rén传chuán语yǔ,史shǐ书shū其qí过guò,宰zǎi彻chè其qí膳shàn。犹yóu以yǐ为wèi未wèi足zú也yě,故gù尧yáo置zhì敢gǎn谏jiàn之zhī鼓gǔ,舜shùn立lì诽fěi谤bàng之zhī木mù,汤tāng有yǒu司sī直zhí之zhī人rén,武wǔ王wáng立lì戒jiè慎shèn之zhī召zhào。过guò若ruò豪háo厘lí,而ér既jì已yǐ备bèi之zhī也yě。夫fū圣shèng人rén之zhī于yú善shàn也yě,无wú小xiǎo而ér不bù举jǔ;其qí于yú过guò也yě,无wú微wēi而ér不bù改gǎi。尧yáo、舜shùn、禹yǔ、汤tāng、文wén、武wǔ,皆jiē坦tǎn然rán天tiān下xià而ér南nán面miàn焉yān。当dāng此cǐ之zhī时shí,鼓gǔ而ér食shí,奏zòu《雍yōng》而ér彻chè,已yǐ饭fàn而ér祭jì灶zào,行xíng不bú用yòng巫wū祝zhù,鬼guǐ神shén弗fú敢gǎn祟suì,山shān川chuān弗fú敢gǎn祸huò,可kě谓wèi至zhì贵guì矣yǐ。然rán而ér战zhàn战zhàn栗lì栗lì,日rì慎shèn一yí日rì。由yóu此cǐ观guān之zhī,则zé圣shèng人rén之zhī心xīn小xiǎo矣yǐ。《诗shī》云yún:惟wéi此cǐ文wén王wáng,小xiǎo心xīn翼yì翼yì,昭zhāo事shì上shàng帝dì,聿yù怀huái多duō福fú。”其qí斯sī之zhī谓wèi欤yú!武wǔ王wáng伐fá纣zhòu,发fā钜jù桥qiáo之zhī粟sù,散sàn鹿lù台tái之zhī钱qián,封fēng比bǐ干gān之zhī墓mù,表biǎo商shāng容róng之zhī闾lǘ,朝cháo成chéng汤tāng之zhī庙miào,解jiě箕jī子zǐ之zhī囚qiú。使shǐ各gè处chù其qí宅zhái,田tián其qí田tián,无wú故gù无wú新xīn,惟wéi贤xián是shì亲qīn,用yòng非fēi其qí有yǒu,使shǐ非fēi其qí人rén,晏yàn然rán若ruò故gù有yǒu之zhī。由yóu此cǐ观guān之zhī,则zé圣shèng人rén之zhī志zhì大dà也yě。文wén王wáng、周zhōu公gōng观guān得dé失shī,遍biàn览lǎn是shì非fēi,尧yáo、舜shùn所suǒ以yǐ昌chāng,桀jié、纣zhòu所suǒ以yǐ亡wáng者zhě,皆jiē著zhù于yú明míng堂táng,于yú是shì略lüè智zhì博bó问wèn,以yǐ应yìng无wú方fāng。由yóu此cǐ观guān之zhī,则zé圣shèng人rén之zhī智zhì员yuán矣yǐ。成chéng、康kāng继jì文wén、武wǔ之zhī业yè,守shǒu明míng堂táng之zhī制zhì,观guān存cún亡wáng之zhī迹jì,见jiàn成chéng败bài之zhī变biàn,非fēi道dào不bù言yán,非fēi义yì不bù行xíng,言yán不bù苟gǒu出chū,行xíng不bù苟gǒu为wèi,择zé善shàn而ér后hòu从cóng事shì焉yān。由yóu此cǐ观guān之zhī,则zé圣shèng人rén之zhī行xíng方fāng矣yǐ。孔kǒng子zǐ之zhī通tōng,智zhì过guò于yú苌cháng弘hóng,勇yǒng服fú于yú孟mèng贲bēn,足zú蹑niè效xiào菟tú,力lì招zhāo城chéng关guān,能néng亦yì多duō矣yǐ。然rán而ér勇yǒng力lì不bù闻wén,伎jì巧qiǎo不bù知zhī,专zhuān行xíng教jiào道dào,以yǐ成chéng素sù王wáng,事shì亦yì鲜xiān矣yǐ。《春chūn秋qiū》二èr百bǎi四sì十shí二èr年nián,亡wáng国guó五wǔ十shí二èr,弑shì君jūn三sān十shí六liù,采cǎi善shànΘ丑chǒu,以yǐ成chéng王wáng道dào,论lùn亦yì博bó矣yǐ。然rán而ér围wéi于yú匡kuāng,颜yán色sè不bú变biàn,弦xián歌gē不bú辍chuò,临lín死sǐ亡wáng之zhī地dì,犯fàn患huàn难nàn之zhī危wēi,据jù义yì行xíng理lǐ而ér志zhì不bú慑shè,分fēn亦yì明míng矣yǐ。然rán为wèi鲁lǔ司sī寇kòu,听tīng狱yù必bì为wèi断duàn,作zuò为wéi《春chūn秋qiū》,不bú道dào鬼guǐ神shén,不bù敢gǎn专zhuān己jǐ。夫fū圣shèng人rén之zhī智zhì,固gù已yǐ多duō矣yǐ。其qí所suǒ守shǒu者zhě约yuē,故gù举jǔ而ér必bì荣róng。愚yú人rén之zhī智zhì,固gù已yǐ少shǎo矣yǐ,其qí所suǒ事shì者zhě多duō,故gù动dòng而ér必bì穷qióng矣yǐ。吴wú起qǐ、张zhāng仪yí,智zhì不bú若ruò孔kǒng、墨mò,而ér争zhēng万wàn乘shèng之zhī君jūn,此cǐ其qí所suǒ以yǐ车chē裂liè支zhī解jiě也yě。夫fū以yǐ正zhèng教jiào化huà者zhě,易yì而ér必bì成chéng;以yǐ邪xié巧qiǎo世shì者zhě,难nán而ér必bì败bài。凡fán将jiāng设shè行xíng立lì趣qù于yú天tiān下xià,舍shè其qí易yì成chéng者zhě,而ér从cóng事shì难nán而ér必bì败bài者zhě,愚yú惑huò之zhī所suǒ致zhì也yě。凡fán此cǐ六liù反fǎn者zhě,不bù可kě不bù察chá也yě。遍biàn知zhī万wàn物wù而ér不bù知zhī人rén道dào,不bù可kě谓wèi智zhì;遍biàn爱ài群qún生shēng而ér不bú爱ài人rén类lèi,不bù可kě谓wèi仁rén。仁rén者zhě爱ài其qí类lèi也yě,智zhì者zhě不bù可kě惑huò也yě。仁rén者zhě虽suī在zài断duàn割gē之zhī中zhōng,其qí所suǒ不bù忍rěn之zhī色sè可kě见jiàn也yě。智zhì者zhě虽suī烦fán难nán之zhī事shì,其qí不bú暗àn之zhī效xiào可kě见jiàn也yě。内nèi恕shù反fǎn情qíng,心xīn之zhī所suǒ欲yù,其qí不bù加jiā诸zhū人rén,由yóu近jìn知zhī远yuǎn,由yóu己jǐ知zhī人rén,此cǐ仁rén智zhì之zhī所suǒ合hé而ér行xíng也yě。小xiǎo有yǒu教jiào而ér大dà有yǒu存cún也yě,小xiǎo有yǒu诛zhū而ér大dà有yǒu宁níng也yě,唯wéi恻cè隐yǐn推tuī而ér行xíng之zhī,此cǐ智zhì者zhě之zhī所suǒ独dú断duàn也yě。故gù仁rén智zhì错cuò,有yǒu时shí合hé,合hé者zhě为wèi正zhèng,错cuò者zhě为wèi权quán,其qí义yì一yī也yě。府fǔ吏lì守shǒu法fǎ,君jūn制zhì义yì,法fǎ而ér无wú义yì,亦yì府fǔ吏lì也yě,不bù足zú以yǐ为wéi政zhèng。
耕gēng之zhī为wèi事shì也yě劳láo,织zhī之zhī为wèi事shì也yě扰rǎo,扰rǎo劳láo之zhī事shì而ér民mín不bú舍shè者zhě,知zhī其qí可kě以yǐ衣yī食shí也yě。人rén之zhī情qíng不bù能néng无wú衣yī食shí,衣yī食shí之zhī道dào,必bì始shǐ于yú耕gēng织zhī,万wàn民mín之zhī所suǒ公gōng见jiàn也yě。物wù之zhī若ruò耕gēng织zhī者zhě,始shǐ初chū甚shèn劳láo,终zhōng必bì利lì也yě。众zhòng愚yú人rén之zhī所suǒ见jiàn者zhě寡guǎ,事shì可kě权quán者zhě多duō,愚yú之zhī所suǒ权quán者zhě少shǎo,此cǐ愚yú者zhě之zhī所suǒ多duō患huàn也yě。物wù之zhī可kě备bèi者zhě,智zhì者zhě尽jìn备bèi之zhī;可kě权quán者zhě,尽jìn权quán之zhī;此cǐ智zhì者zhě所suǒ以yǐ寡guǎ患huàn也yě。故gù智zhì者zhě先xiān忤wǔ而ér后hòu合hé,愚yú者zhě始shǐ于yú乐lè而ér终zhōng于yú哀āi。今jīn日rì何hé为wèi而ér荣róng乎hū?旦dàn日rì何hé为wèi而ér义yì乎hū?此cǐ易yì言yán也yě。今jīn日rì何hé为wèi而ér义yì,旦dàn日rì何hé为wèi而ér荣róng,此cǐ难nán知zhī也yě。问wèn瞽gǔ师shī曰yuē:“白bái素sù何hé如rú?”曰yuē:“缟gǎo然rán。”曰yuē:“黑hēi何hé若ruò?”曰yuē:“<黑hēi甚shèn>然rán。”授shòu白bái黑hēi而ér示shì之zhī,则zé不bú处chù焉yān。人rén之zhī视shì白bái黑hēi以yǐ目mù,言yán白bái黑hēi以yǐ口kǒu,瞽gǔ师shī有yǒu以yǐ言yán白bái黑hēi,无wú以yǐ知zhī白bái黑hēi,故gù言yán白bái黑hēi与yǔ人rén同tóng,其qí别bié白bái黑hēi与yǔ人rén异yì。
入rù孝xiào于yú亲qīn,出chū忠zhōng于yú君jūn,无wú愚yú智zhì贤xián不bú肖xiào,皆jiē知zhī其qí为wèi义yì也yě,使shǐ陈chén忠zhōng孝xiào行xíng而ér知zhī所suǒ出chū者zhě,鲜xiān矣yǐ!凡fán人rén思sī虑lǜ,莫mò不bù先xiān以yǐ为wéi可kě而ér后hòu行xíng之zhī,其qí是shì或huò非fēi,此cǐ愚yú智zhì之zhī所suǒ以yǐ异yì。凡fán人rén之zhī性xìng,莫mò贵guì于yú仁rén,莫mò急jí于yú智zhì。仁rén以yǐ为wéi质zhì,智zhì以yǐ行xíng之zhī,两liǎng者zhě为wèi本běn,而ér加jiā之zhī以yǐ勇yǒng力lì、辩biàn慧huì、捷jié疾jí、劬qú录lù、巧qiǎo敏mǐn、迟chí利lì、聪cōng明ming、审shěn察chá,尽jìn众zhòng益yì也yě。身shēn材cái未wèi修xiū,伎jì艺yì曲qǔ备bèi,而ér无wú仁rén智zhì以yǐ为wéi表biǎo干gān,而ér加jiā之zhī以yǐ众zhòng美měi,则zé益yì其qí损sǔn。故gù不bù仁rén而ér有yǒu勇yǒng力lì果guǒ敢gǎn,则zé狂kuáng而ér操cāo利lì剑jiàn;不bú智zhì而ér辩biàn慧huì怀huái给gěi,则zé弃qì骥jì而ér不bú式shì。虽suī有yǒu材cái能néng,其qí施shī之zhī不bù当dāng,其qí处chù之zhī不bù宜yí,适shì足zú以yǐ辅fǔ伪wěi饰shì非fēi,伎jì艺yì之zhī众zhòng,不bù如rú其qí寡guǎ也yě。故gù有yǒu野yě心xīn者zhě,不bù可kě借jiè便biàn势shì;有yǒu愚yú质zhì者zhě,不bù可kě与yǔ利lì器qì。鱼yú得dé水shuǐ而ér游yóu焉yān则zé乐lè,唐táng决jué水shuǐ涸hé,则zé为wèi蝼lóu蚁yǐ所suǒ食shí。有yǒu掌zhǎng修xiū其qí堤dī防fáng,补bǔ其qí缺quē漏lòu,则zé鱼yú得dé而ér利lì之zhī,国guó有yǒu以yǐ存cún,人rén有yǒu以yǐ生shēng。国guó之zhī所suǒ以yǐ存cún者zhě,仁rén义yì是shì也yě;人rén之zhī所suǒ以yǐ生shēng者zhě,行xíng善shàn是shì也yě。国guó无wú义yì,虽suī大dà必bì亡wáng;人rén无wú善shàn志zhì,虽suī勇yǒng必bì伤shāng。治zhì国guó上shàng使shǐ不bù得dé与yǔ焉yān。孝xiào于yú父fù母mǔ,弟dì于yú兄xiōng嫂sǎo,信xìn于yú朋péng友yǒu,不bù得dé上shàng令lìng而ér可kě得dé为wèi也yě。释shì己jǐ之zhī所suǒ得dé为wèi,而ér责zé于yú其qí所suǒ不bù得dé制zhì,悖bèi矣yǐ。士shì处chù卑bēi隐yǐn,欲yù上shàng达dá,必bì先xiān反fǎn诸zhū己jǐ。上shàng达dá有yǒu道dào,名míng誉yù不bù起qǐ,而ér不bù能néng上shàng达dá矣yǐ;取qǔ誉yù有yǒu道dào,不bú信xìn于yú友yǒu,不bù能néng得dé誉yù;信xìn于yú友yǒu有yǒu道dào,事shì亲qīn不bù说shuō,不bú信xìn于yú友yǒu;说shuō亲qīn有yǒu道dào,修xiū身shēn不bù诚chéng,不bù能néng事shì亲qīn矣yǐ;诚chéng身shēn有yǒu道dào,心xīn不bù专zhuān一yī,不bù能néng专zhuān诚chéng。道dào在zài易yì而ér求qiú之zhī难nán,验yàn在zài近jìn而ér求qiú之zhī远yuǎn,故gù弗fú得dé也yě。
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